Chapter 23 - Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Atomic size

Atomic size

________, and hence volume, is inversely proportional to density.

Iron

________ appears to have unique oxidation states in magnetite (Fe3O4) and pyrite (FeS2), but it does not.

Gold

________ has a density that is around 20 times that of water and twice that of lead.

fast reactivity

In contrast to Group 1A (1) and 2A (2) metals '________ with water at ambient temperature, most transition metals have an oxide layer.

Transition elements

________ with lower oxidation states act chemically more like metals, as do metals in Groups 3A (13), 4A (14), and 5A (15)

aqueous acid

Except for copper, all Period 4 transition metals are active enough to convert H+ from ________ to produce hydrogen gas.

metal ions

One- third of the ________ in magnetite are Fe2+ and two- thirds are Fe3+, resulting in a FeO /Fe2O3 ratio of 1 /1 and a formula of Fe3O4.

higher energy orbitals

Electrons in a partly loaded capacitor, on the other hand, D sublevels can absorb visible wavelengths and transition to slightly ________.

metal atom

A(n) ________ in a positive oxidation state attracts more bound electrons, resulting in higher electronegativity than a(n) ________ in a zero oxidation state.

ionic bonding

That is, ________ is more common in lower oxidation levels, while covalent bonding is more common in higher oxidation states.

+2

Iron* and cobalt are most commonly found in the ________ and +3 states, respectively, whereas nickel, copper, and zinc are most commonly found in the ________ state.

metal ion

Because the ________ has a filled outer level (noble gas electron configuration, ns2 or ns2), most main- group ionic compounds are colored.