Unit 4 APHug

Ethnicity

identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions od a homeland or hearth

race

group of people who are perceived to share a physiological trait

nationality

people who share legal attachment to a country

state

an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its interactions

microstate

state with very small land area

soverignty

independence from control of its internal affairs by other states

city-state

sovereign state that compromises a town & surrounding country side

nation

large group of people who are united by common cultural characteristics

nation-state

state corresponds to a nation

self-determination

nations have the right to govern themselves

multinational state

state with many nations residing in it

colony

territory legally tied to a sovereign state - not fully independent

After cold war

Europe separated into a US led Western bloc and USSR led Eastern bloc

5 groups of states that resulted from USSR break up

1. 3 Caucasus states (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia)

2. 3 Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

3. 3 European states (Belarus Moldova Ukraine)

4. Five central Asian states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turlemenistan, Uzbekistan)

5. Russia

autonomous region

an area within a state that has self-governing

stateless nation

nation that doesn’t have their own state, they reside in another state and may wish to form their own

multi state nation

A nation has a state of it’s own but also resides in other states as well

colonialism

a type of imperialism- people move to and settle another country’s land, forming/imposing their own culture

imperialism

it includes a variety of ways of influencing another country/group of people, by direct conquest, by economic control or by cultural dominance

geopolitics

the study of the effects of geography on politics and relations among states

territoriality

willingness of people to defend the space they claim

• assert control over a space

• looks like influencing others

shatter belt

region that suffers instability because its located in between 2 conflicting states

choke points

straits/canals in the world that are very useful for overseas trade /travle

organic theory

argues that states are born and need nourishment to grow.

• land gained by annexing from smaller weaker states

• but if they stay weak, they will have their land taken

Heartland Theory

believes land-based power was most important in achieving world domination

Rimland Theory

argues that power comes from controlling waters and maritime areas

defined boundary

established by legal document

delimited boundary

line drawn on a map to show limits of a space

demarcated boundary

identified by physical objects, placed on the landscape

natural boundary

physical features separate identities

(rivers, mountains)

geometric boundary

straight line drawn by people- doesn’t follow physical features

cultural boundary

based on human traits/ behavior

irredentism

type of expansion- one country wants to annex territory in another country because it’s related to part of their population

antecedent

type of boundary

drawn before a large population was present economic

subsequent

type of boundary

drawn to accommodate religious, ethnic, linguistic

consequent

type of boundary

under subsequent boundary (relates to culture)

relic

type of boundary

no longer exists, but evidence of it still exists on the landscape

superimposed

type of boundary

drawn by outside powers

militarized

type of boundary

heavily guarded, discourages crossing and movement

open

type of boundary

crossing is not hindered

geometric

type of boundary

lines/arcs drawn (longitude/latitude)

Locational boundary dispute

where a boundary should be

definitional boundary dispute

how to interpret legal documents that identify the boundary

operational boundary dispute

how the boundary functions 

• ex: should boundary line mean welcome/not welcome refugees

Allocational boundary dispute

separates natural resources from sky to ground

territorial waters

state sets laws regulating passage by other state ships

contagious zone

state enforces laws about pollution, taxation, immigration, customs

exclusive economic zone

state has sole right to fish and marine life

US and Canada boundary established how?

established through several treaties from 1783 to 1903 between the US and UK, who controlled Canada

restricting

limit/control access/expression of things in a culture

gerrymandering

redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power

packing

like minded voters are stacked in one district to prevent them from affecting election in other districts

cracking

like-minded voters are stacked in onde district to prevent them from reaching a majority in any of them

US job of redrawing boundaries?

state legislature has that job