Set 3 Effects of Migration Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing the economic, social, demographic, and political effects of migration on receiving countries and countries of origin.

Remittances

Money sent back home by people working abroad, which supports the economy in their country of origin.

Brain drain

The loss of trained or educated people to emigration, such as the $25\%$ of doctors in the US who were born in another country.

Economic Effects on Receiving Countries

Immigrants supply labor for less desirable and low-paying work (such as agriculture, construction, and service industries) and open businesses like shops, restaurants, and nail salons, which can also reduce available jobs for native citizens.

Economic Effects on Countries of Origin

Emigration leads to a decrease in unemployment and less strain on resources, while providing economic support through remittances, though it can result in brain drain.

Cultural Contributions

Aspects of home culture—such as music, food, literature, religion, language, and art—that immigrants bring to receiving countries, which can cause blending or spur backlash like prejudice, discrimination, and racism.

Demographic Change in Receiving Countries

In Stage 4 & 5 countries with low or zero population growth, immigration has been the main source of population growth since the 1990s, providing working-age individuals who reduce dependency ratios and support young and elderly populations through taxes.

Unbalanced Sex Ratio

A demographic change in countries of origin where young men are more likely to migrate to find work, leaving a shortage of men behind.

Dependency Ratio in Countries of Origin

A demographic condition where young and elderly populations are left behind as working-age individuals emigrate, altering the traditional family structure.

Immigration Restrictions

Laws enacted by countries such as Japan and the United States to restrict immigration due to xenophobia or the desire to limit cultural diversity.

Guest Worker Programs

Laws and policies that encourage immigration by granting foreign workers permission to reside and work in a host country.

Family Reunification

Policies that encourage immigration by permitting established immigrants to bring their family members to live with them in the receiving country.

The Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882-1943

The first law that severely restricted immigration in the United States.