Exam 3 Review

warm, cold, nociceptors (pain)

List Free Nerve endings (3)

Filiform

most numerous, tiny spikes, no taste buds

Folate

Ridges of side of tongue, taste buds in children

Fungiform

Mushroom shaped bumps, have tastebud

Vallate

Large bumps in a row at the back of the tongue, have tastebuds

Outer ear

Auricle (pinna) with helix and lobule; Auditory Canal with guard hairs, cerumen (ear wax)

Middle Ear

Tympanic membrane, tympanic cavity, auditory (eustachian) tube, auditory ossicale: malleus, incus, stapes; Oval window on Cohclea; Muscles: stapedius, tensor tympani

Inner Ear

Bony Labyrinth, Membranous Labyrinth, Vestibule, Thress semicircular canals, Cochlea, Cochlear duct

Endolymph

Fluid within the cochlear duct that helps transmit sound vibrations and maintain balance.

Perilymph

Fluid that surrounds the bony labyrinth and transmits sound vibrations. Scala Vestibuli & Scala Tympani

Otoliths

calcium stones of otolithic membrane in Saccule and Utricle

Nasolacrimal duct

A duct that drains tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity.

Lacrimal Punctum

Small openings on the eyelids that allow tears to drain into the lacrimal sac.

Lacrimal Gland

The gland responsible for producing tears, located above the outer corner of each eye.

Fibrous Tunic

Outer layer of eye, consists of the sclera and cornea.

Vascular Tunic

The middle layer of the eye, consisting of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris.

Tunica Interna

The innermost layer of the eye, comprising the retina, which is responsible for light absorption and phototransduction.

Aqeous Humor

The clear fluid found in the anterior chamber, posterior chamber, and scleral venous sinus of the eye, providing nourishment to the eye and maintaining intraocular pressure.

Vitreous Body (Vitreous humor)

The gel-like substance filling the space behind the lens (viterous chamber)

Hypothalamus

Releases hormones to regulate the anterior pituitary gland and controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

Pituitary gland

Adenohypophysis (anterior lobe) and neurohypophysis (posterior lobe), it secretes hormones that regulate various bodily functions including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Pineal Gland

A small endocrine gland in the brain that produces melatonin, influencing sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms.

Thymus

Hormones secreted stimulate development of T cells

Thryroid Gland

Contains thyroid follicles that produce thyroid hormones, regulating metabolism and energy levels.

Parathyroid Glands

Small 4 glands on posterior of thyroid, hormone produced by cheif cells is associated with bone lossand regulation of calcium levels in the blood.

Adrenal Glands

Contains chromaffin cells (epinephrine & noreopinephrine)

Pancreas

Alpha, Beta, Delta cells that produce hormones such as insulin and glucagon, regulating blood sugar levels.

Ovaries

Follicels have theca and granulosa cells that produce estrogen and progesterone, playing key roles in female reproductive health.

Testes

Interstitial (leydig) endocrine cells produce testosterone, influencing male reproductive functions and secondary sexual characteristics.

Sympathetic Division

aka Thoracolumbar. Fight or flight, short-long

Parasympathetic Division

aka Craniosacral. Rest and digest, long short

Anterior interventricular branch and circumflex branch

What are the branches of the Left coronary artery?

Right marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch

What are the right coronary artery branches?

Subendocardial Conducting Network (Purkinje Fibers)

Specialized fibers that conduct electrical impulses throughout the ventricles of the heart, ensuring coordinated contraction.

SA node

pacemaker of heart that initiates electrical impulses, regulating heart rhythm.