Ch4-CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

Driving forces for reactions

• double displacement-formation of a precipitate 

• acid-base reactions-neutralization

• single displacement, synthesis and decomposition reactions-oxidation-reduction

Why do Reactions occur in solutions?

• the reactant particles are more likely to bump into each other

  • Particles in solids are in fixed positions, particles in liquids can move freely

Electrolyte

 substance dissolved in water to produce a solution that conducts

Non electrolyte

compounds that dissolve to form solutions that do not conduct

Strong electrolyte

• Dissociate 100% to produce solutions that conduct

• Compound type-Ionic compounds, strong acids, strong bases

weak electrolyte

• Ionize only partially in water

• Compound type-Weak acids, weak bases

Non electrolyte

• Do not dissociate into ions

• compound type- molecular

Strong acids (Remember acronym)

H2SO4	Sulphuric acid
HI	Hydroiodic acid
HBr	Hydrobromic acid
HNO3	Nitric acid
HCl	Hydrochloric acid
HClO3	Chloric acid

Acronym- So I Brought No Clean Clothes

Oxidation Reaction

• loses electrons

• Increase in oxidation state

• Reducing agent- gives electrons

Reduction

• gains electrons

• Decrease in oxidation state

• Oxidizing agent- accepts electrons