Cell Cycle - High School Biology

A set of flashcards based on the lecture notes about the cell cycle, covering key concepts, terms, and processes.

What is the purpose of cell division?

To create cells for growth, repair, replacement, and reproduction.

What are the two types of cell division?

Mitosis and Meiosis.

What does mitosis produce?

Somatic cells.

What does meiosis produce?

Gametes.

What is chromatin?

Thin strands of DNA in the nucleus before cell division.

What are histones?

Proteins that DNA wraps around when condensing into chromosomes.

What are sister chromatids?

Two identical copies of a chromosome.

What is a centromere?

The constricted region of a chromosome that holds sister chromatids together.

What are centrosomes?

Organelles that contain centrioles and produce spindle fibers.

What is the role of spindle fibers?

To pull sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes apart during cell division.

What is asexual reproduction?

Reproduction that involves a single parent producing genetically identical offspring.

What is sexual reproduction?

Reproduction that involves two parents producing genetically diverse offspring.

What occurs during the G1 phase of interphase?

Cell growth occurs and materials are accumulated for the S phase.

What happens during the S phase of interphase?

DNA replication occurs.

What is the purpose of cytokinesis?

To divide the cytoplasm of the cell and produce two daughter cells.

What are the phases of mitosis?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

What is the significance of the cleavage furrow in cytokinesis?

It is the structure that pinches the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells.

What happens to human cells at the end of mitosis?

They become diploid, containing two complete sets of chromosomes.