philosophy of religion final

what does alston say about religious experience as a justification for perceiving God?

he says that we can trust our religious experiences as we can trust our senses - experiencing God is a justification of God (not saying its definitely true - just justified); this is called prima facie justification

what does evan fales say about mysticism/religious experience?

it cannot be trusted because there is no way to cross check it - uses Mill’s methods of picking out fallacies

what does jeff jordan say about religious experience?

if it can be recreated naturally, then it cannot be trusted (if we could create a pill that would give you the same feelings as experiencing God, then the act of experiencing God is not significant proof for His existence)

what does david hume say about miracles?

human testimony that has to do with unusual things cannot be trusted - miracles are violations to the laws of nature (anything that does not happen regularly lol) - no miracles can survive all the proof against them — “it would be a miracle to believe a miracle”

what does Mackie say about miracles?

thinks that miracles cannot be trusted because they presuppose the existence of a God - both hume and those who believe in miracles need to define what a law of nature is - if we say that miracles are true then we are saying we cant trust the laws of nature (thinks that the universe is a closed system) — either it was gonna happen anyway or it didnt happen

what does Inwagen say about miracles?

he argues that a miracle is a violation to the laws of nature - he defines a law of nature as something that is necessary for it to occur - thinks that Hume is too strict

what does dawkins say about faith?

calls faith one of the world’s greatest evils because it lacks evidence, we need to rely on science not religion, says that religion is just belief based on tradition

what does Gould say about faith and science?

NOMA (non-overlapping magisteria) - science and religion represent different areas of inquiry

what are morelands 6 models for integration of science and theology?

• Non-overlapping

• Complementary

• Filling out

• Theology provides foundations for science

• Theistic science

what does pope john paul ii say abt faith and science?

Science may require reinterpretation of Scripture - intrepretation may be wrong

what does swineburne say are the three kinds of faith?

thomistic, lutheran, pragmatist

what are the three types of lutheran faith?

notitia, assensus, fiducia

what are Buchak’s requirements for faith?

• belief

• matters to the person

• action or disposition to act

• uncertianty

• risk

what does snyder say about faith?

faith does not require belief. faith consists of:

• positive evaluation of p

• positive cognitive orientation toward p

• a positive cognitive stance toward p

• resilience to new counterevidence to p

what does pojman say about faith?

he equates faith with hope - CIRCULAR

what is pascal’s wager? and what does it assume?

he says that you should believe in God because it is basically the most beneficial thing to do smh - he assumes doxastic voluntarism that you cant choose your beliefs - PRAGMATISM

what is cliffords view of faith?

he says that “it is wrong always, everywehere and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence” but he never defines what sufficient evidence is — evidentialism, wants to avoid error at all costs sm that he is led to skepticism

what does william james say about faith?

he says that to hold a true belief that it has to be live, forced, and momentous but sometimes we have to make decisions without sufficeint evidence (OBVIOUSLY)

what does hick say about faith?

You cant use theistic proofs for God because they cant prove his goodness, and they would overwhelm freedom if they did work — God’s nature is imposed on us

to whom does the burden of proof belong according to flew?

the theist

what is a properly basic belief?

Beliefs you’re supposed to have in accord with your proper function

what is the difference between a positive and negative atheist?

negative - not convinced of theism but friendly

positive - claim that God exists is false objectively

what does linda say abt virtue?

Virtue ethics - not about what you do but about the whole person — how this impacts belief

what does hick say abt pluralism?

Defines religion as a set of beliefs and practices in something beyond we can see - we should leave room for partial truths

what does Plantinga say abt exclusivism?

Unavoidable part of the human condition, we must acknowledge other religions but maintain our own beliefs

what is the difference between pluralism and exclusivism?

pluralism - accepts 2 or more authorities

exclusivism - only one is correct