Theory of Goal Attainment, Neuman's System Model, and Roy's Adaptation Model

Flashcards covering key concepts from King’s Theory of Goal Attainment, Neuman’s System Model, and Roy’s Adaptation Model.

Who developed the Theory of Goal Attainment?

Imogene King.

How does King’s Theory describe the relationship between person and environment?

As a dynamic, interpersonal relationship in which a person grows and develops to attain life goals.

What factors affect goal attainment in King’s theory?

Roles, stress, space, and time.

How is a 'Person' defined in King’s theory?

A social being who is rational and capable of decision making, spiritual, unique and holistic, with individual differences in needs, wants, and goals.

What are the three fundamental needs of the human being in King’s framework?

1) The need for health information when needed; 2) The need for care to prevent illness; 3) The need for care when individuals are unable to help themselves.

How is health defined in King’s theory?

Health involves dynamic life experiences and continuous adjustment to stressors, using resources to achieve maximum potential for daily living.

What is the role of environment in King’s theory?

Nurses should understand how humans interact with their environment; adjustment to life and health is influenced by this interaction.

How is nursing described in King’s theory?

As a process of action, reaction, and interaction where nurse and client share information about their perceptions in the nursing situation.

What is the nurse’s goal in King’s theory?

To help individuals maintain their health so they can function in their roles.

What is the domain of the nurse in King’s theory?

Promoting, maintaining, and restoring health; caring for the sick, injured and dying.

What is the function of the professional nurse in King’s theory?

To interpret information in the nursing process to plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care.

What does 'interaction' mean in King’s theory?

Any situation in which the nurse relates and deals with a clientele or patient.

What are the components of Action and Reaction in King’s theory?

Action is a means of behavior or activities to accomplish an act (physical and mental); Reaction is the accompanying response to stimuli.

What is an Open System in King’s theory?

A system with no rigid boundaries where dynamic interaction between internal and external environments allows exchange of information; constant nurse–patient interaction.

Name a hypothesis about nurse–patient communication in King’s theory.

Perceptual accuracy in nurse-patient interactions increases mutual goal setting.

What is another hypothesis in King’s theory regarding communication?

Communication increases mutual goal setting between patients and nurses and leads to satisfaction.

What is another hypothesis about satisfaction in King’s theory?

Satisfaction in nurses and patients increases goal attainment.

How does goal attainment affect stress in King’s theory?

Goal attainment decreases stress and anxiety in nursing situations.

What is the effect of role conflict in the King model?

Role conflict experienced by patients, nurses, or both decreases transaction in nurse–patient interactions.

Who developed Neuman’s System Model?

Betty Neuman.

What are Neuman’s educational credentials?

BS in Nursing (1957); MS in Mental Health Public Health Consultation from UCLA (1966); Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology.

How is Neuman’s system model described?

A comprehensive, flexible, holistic, and system-based perspective for nursing.

How is a 'Person' viewed in Neuman’s model?

A total person as a client system, a layered multidimensional being with five subsystems: Physiological, Psychological, Socio-cultural, Spiritual, Developmental.

What are the five subsystems in Neuman’s model?

Physiological, Psychological, Socio-cultural, Spiritual, Developmental.

What constitutes the 'Environment' in Neuman’s model?

The totality of internal and external forces (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extra-personal stressors) around a person.

What are internal vs external environments in Neuman’s model?

Internal environment exists within the client system; external environment exists outside; the created environment is unconsciously developed by the client and symbolizes system wholeness.

How is Health defined in Neuman’s model?

Health is wellness; a condition where all parts (variables) are in harmony with the whole.

What determines movement toward illness or wellness in Neuman’s model?

If more energy is needed than is available, the system moves toward illness; if more energy is available than needed, it moves toward wellness.

How is nursing defined in Neuman’s model?

Action to assist individuals, families, and groups to maintain a maximum level of wellness, aiming for stability of the client system by reducing stressors.

What is unique about nursing in Neuman’s view?

It addresses all variables influencing response to a stressor; the person is seen as a whole.

Who developed Roy’s Adaptation Model?

Callista Roy.

What is Roy’s professional role and background?

Nurse theorist; professor at Boston College; born October 14, 1939 in Los Angeles; BA in nursing (1963) Mount St. Mary’s College; MS in Pediatric Nursing (1966) UCLA; Master’s and PhD in Sociology (1973, 1977); worked with Dorothy E. Johnson; taught at Mount St. Mary’s College.

What is the basic focus of RAM in nursing education?

Organizing course content around the view of persons and families as adaptive systems; RAM as a basis of curriculum and its implementation in Mount St. Mary’s College.

What is Adaptation in Roy’s RAM?

Responding positively to environmental changes; process and outcome of individuals using conscious awareness, self-reflection, and choice to create human–environment integration.

How is a 'Person' described in RAM?

A bio-psycho-social being in constant interaction with a changing environment, using innate and acquired mechanisms to adapt; the adaptive system is a whole comprised of parts.

What is the unity concept in RAM?

The person functions as a unity for some purpose and can be an individual or a group (families, organizations, communities, society).

What are the three components of RAM’s environment?

Focal (immediate stimuli), Contextual (all stimuli in the situation), Residual (effects unclear in the current situation).

What is the health–illness concept in RAM?

Health–illness continuum; a state and process of being integrated and whole.

What is the nursing goal in RAM?

To promote adaptation in the four adaptive modes, contributing to health, quality of life, and dying with dignity by assessing behaviors and influencing environmental interactions.

What are the four adaptive modes in RAM?

Physiologic needs, Self-concept, Role function, Interdependence.

What does Physiologic Needs refer to in RAM?

The way a person responds as a physical being to environmental stimuli.

What is Self-Concept in RAM?

Psychological and spiritual characteristics; beliefs and feelings about oneself; two components: Physical self and Personal self.

What is Role Function in RAM?

Primary, secondary, or tertiary roles; a set of expectations about how a person occupying a position behaves.

What is Interdependence in RAM?

Coping mechanism from close relationships; giving and receiving love, respect, and value; between the person and significant other or support system.