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herzberg's two-factor theory

hygiene factors (salary, conditions, policies, supervision, relationships) and motivational factors (achievement, interest, responsibility, advancement). these things will prevent job dissatisfaction.

hygiene factors

salary, conditions, policies, supervision, relationships.

motivational factors

achievement, interest, responsibility, advancement.

maslow's hierarchy of needs

self-actualization (top, most narrow), esteem needs, belongingness and love, safety, psychological.

McClelland's three-needs theory

need for achievement, need for affiliation, need for power.

need for achievement

the drive to set and meet challenging goals, to excel.

need for affiliation

the need to belong to a group and have friendly interpersonal relationships and camaraderie.

need for power

the need to influence others (for personal or organizational gain).

goal setting theory

moving toward a clear goal and getting feedback (SMART goals).

expectancy theory

expectancy, instrumentality, valence = motivation. efforts will be rewarded.

equity theory

inputs (loyalty, hard work, commitment) -> equity (fair balance) -> outputs (salary, benefits, recognition, achievement).

reinforcement theory

how people behave depends on the consequences. positive reinforcement (a bonus or a raise), negative reinforcement (if everyone cleans on time, no one will have to stay late).

how to increase employee motivation

rewards, recognition, feedback, praise, job design, performance management, organizational culture.

programmed decisions

concerned with relatively routine problems, typical decisions.

nonprogrammed decisions

unique, complex situations that could have big consequences.

risks when making a decision

what risks are we taking, can you predict what will happen, conditions of certainty (we have enough information to make a good decision) and uncertainty (a lack of information to make a sure decision, unpredictable).

two approaches to making decisions

maximizing (making optimal decisions, spending time to think about the alternatives) and satisficing (working fast to find an acceptable decision rather than the best decision).

techniques to find solutions

brainstorming (calling out ideas in a group, open discussion), synectics (brainstorming but with analogies, imagery, role-playing to be creative), nominal grouping (more structured brainstorming, all group members participate).

decision tree

will help evaluate which decisions will do what, which outcome is the most ideal.

planning

identifying and selecting appropriate goals and strategies.

organizing

structuring and coordinating the work of a business into specific tasks and roles.

strategic planning

overall mission, goals, and long-range objectives vision-oriented.

operational planning

short-range objectives, day-to-day, specifics.

mission statement

a broad statement describing what they do, why they exist, and the purpose.

vision statement

describes the future expectations.

core values

most important things, their beliefs, these guide planning and operations.

corporate level strategies

developed by large companies and revolve around growth, stability, and renewal.

business level strategies

focus on adapting to the external environment and using tactics to beat the competition.

operational level strategies

when each department develops strategies to achieve the mission and objectives.

fair labor standards act (FLSA)

child labor laws, 16 years old is the minimum age to work regular hours, 14-15 can work limited hrs, less than 14 can work very limitedly. under 18 cant work in hazardous jobs, also establishes minimum wage and overtime rates.

who is exempt from FLSA?

salary workers, managers, those who dont clock in and clock out.

Equal pay act

women and men get paid the same for equal work.

social security act of 1935

a way to provide older age, disability, etc an income since they cannot work. to be eligible, you generally must work at least 10 years after retirement and must be 67 years old, funded by taxes. also unemployment insurance is included (if injury or unable to work). also survivors insurance (if a spouse or dependant is lost).

workers compensation

provides funds for work related injury or illness, lost wages, or rehab.

consolidated omnibus budget rehabilitation act

employees who lose health benefits can continue coverage (at your expense) for 18-36 months, typically not worth it.

HIPAA

Health insurance portability and accountability act.

patient protection and affordable care act of 2010

made a push for preventive care getting more attention, like RDs. makes health coverage more fair and easy to understand.

family and medical leave act of 1993

allows an employee to take up to 12 weeks unpaid leave in 12 months for birth, foster care/adoptive care, care of a child with a medical condition, employee's serious health condition. job is held for this time with same pay and benefits.

title VII of civil rights act of 1964

prohibits discrimination of race, color, religion, sex, or origin in employment decisions as far as hiring, firing, promotion, and compensation.

equal employment opportunity commission (EEOC)

enforces equal employment laws, investigates discrimination charges from a complaint, also prevents with education/training.

affirmative action programs

recruitment and advancement of minorities, women, disabilities, and veterans.

OSHA

occupational safety and health administration, makes sure that the employees have a safe place to work, inspects organizations, records injury and illness on the job.

internal recruiting

someone from the current organization is hired into a new position (transfer, advancement).

external recruiting

listing opportunities on a website, posters.

selection process of hiring

screen applications/resumes, pre-employment tests, interview, background check, select finalist.

unconscious bias

bias that you don't know is occurring.

questions you cannot ask in an interview

age, sex, race, origin, religion, pregnancy, marital status, family status, disabilities, etc.

which questions are most useful in an interview

open, reflective, probing, behavioral, and situational.

contaminated air/ exhaust air

air that is removed

outside air/ makeup air

air that is brought inside

supply air

air from the HVAC going into the kitchen, this is in the floor vents

return air

air returning from the HVAC from the kitchen or dining room, this is the big vent by the supply closet

kitchen hoods collect…

grease, heat, moisture, odors, smoke

why does a fire suppression system use chemicals and not water

water can cause a grease fire to spread

lumen

the measure of light output from a lightbulb

foot candles

measure the light falling on a surface

benefit of LED lighting

very bright and cost efficient, uses less electricity

ways to aid noise control

walls around dishwasher, sound absorbing celing tiles and carpeting, well designed HVAC system, quality music speakers

areas where handwashing sinks are needed

food prep, food dispense, warewashing, restrooms

product flow

the flow of food from receiving to plated meals

work flow

the flow of employees as they work

how wide should main traffic aisles be

5 feet wide

how wide should low traffic areas be

4 feet wide

what should the production area be close to

the dining room

what should storage areas be close to

loading dock

how deep should shelving be

24-30 inches

how long is shelving typically

2-6 feet

how far off the ground should food items be stored

6 inches

cold production layout ideas

more sinks for rinsing produce, more fridges for more product

hot production layout ideas

floor drain near steam jacketted kettle, gas equipment under a hood, 1 foot behind things like ovens for cleaning

whats the most accurate way to measure ingredients

weight

1ml in grams

1

1 cup in fl oz

8

converting oz to lb

divide oz by 16

converting lb to oz

multiply pounds by 16

converting oz to cup

divide oz by 8 fl oz

converting cups to fl oz

multiply cups by 8 fl oz

what does EP mean

edible portions: the weight that non edible portions are trimmed off

what does AP mean

as purchased: weight that you purchased something at

yield percent

percent of food that is edible (green beans have an 88% yield)

how to calculate as purchased quantity

divide edible portion by yield percent. The recipe calls for 4 pounds of chopped celery. their yield is 73%, so you’d divide 4 by 0.73 to get 5.5 pounds

how to calculate ep quantity

Multiply AP quantity by yield percent. the recipe calls for 10 pounds of cantaloupe, the yield percent is 50% (10x.50=5 lbs)

benefits of standardized recipes

consistent flavor and appearance, consistent yield, accurate nutrition information, food cost control, labor cost control, easier purchasing and inventory

conversion factor

desired yield/current yield

is a fast casual resturaunt an onsite food service

no

true or false: Self-operated foodservices have a great advantage when it comes to flexibility, but an in-house foodservice will only be as effective as the leadership of the organization it serves.

true

Which of the following is an advantage of using a foodservice contracting company?

• The foodservice managers feel conflicted in their loyalties to the facility and to the contractor.

• The purchasing manager will have to change some of the vendors he/she has dealt with in the past.

• The foodservice director gets help staying on top of the financial situation.

• Foodservice employees who don't work for the contractor are unhappy about the changes since the contractor came on board.

• The foodservice director gets help staying on top of the financial situation.

what is an output in the foodservice system (example)

meals

pros and cons of a contracting company

pros: decreased costs, buisness tools, expertise, they know the requirements well

cons: mission and goals may be different, lower commitment of employees, less freedom

pro and con of convenntional operations

pro: fresh food, lower food cost, variety menus

con: labor intensive, workload peaks around mealtime

pro and con of ready-prepared foodservice

pro: saves on labor cost, scheduling flexibility, high quality & consistency maintained

con: attention to details necessary, special equipment needed

pro and con of assembly/serve

pro: low labor costs, highly skilled chefs not needed, not much space needed

con: high food costs (already prepared), menu is limited, not desireable, quality low

pro and con of commissary

pro: efficient, cheap, consistent, control over production

con: transporting is costly, cant recieive feedback, equipment failure could effect many places

examples of tcs foods

cut leafy greens, milk, meats, fish, eggs

whats the temperature danger zone

41-135 degrees

what microbe can be obtained from poultry and eggs being imporoperly cooked or cross contamination

salmonella

what environment do bacteria need to grow in? (4)

moisture, appropriate temp, time, and food

What should a manager of a quick-service operation do if a foodhandler calls and asks if she can come to work today after reporting that she has diarrhea and a fever?

 

Tell her not to come to work until she feels 100% better.

Any ready-to-eat TCS food must be used within ____ days.

7

how far off the ground should things be stored at

6 inches