Gov. Unit 1 Studying

Social Contract Theory

people & government relationship to escape state of nature

State of Nature

people without government

John Locke

Consent of the governed, Life, Liberty, Property

Natural Rights

all men are created equal, gov. Purpose is to protect natural rights, inalienable (can’t be given/taken away)

Popular sovereignty

people are the sovereign

Unitary system

national government has ALL the power

Confederation

states have power

Federal system

states and federal government share the power

Article VII (7)

9/13 states needed to adopt the constitution

James Madison

father of the constitution

Anti-federalists

fight for adoption of Bill of Rights

Congress

Senate and House of Representatives (535)

Senate

2 from each state (100 senators)

HOR

based on population (435 representatives)

Article V (5)

allows amendments to the constitution

Federalist 39

how states and gov. Share power

Amendment process

congress proposes (⅔), states ratify (¾)

Federalism

states and national governments share power

cooperative federalism

“marable cake” some powers exclusive to each, while some concurrent powers

Dual federalism

“layered cake” different levels of government have different powers

10th amendment

anything not written in the constitution is reserved for the states

14th amendment

states can’t deprive any person of life, liberty, or property

Full Faith and Credit Clause

states must honor other states legal decisions

Privileges and Immunities Clause

all US citizens have equal access to all states and their privileges

Block Grant

money used at state’s discretion with a broad category

Categorical Grant

money provided by federal government for a specific purpose

Mandate

requirement for federal government that a state must obey in order to receive funding

McCullouch v. Maryland

states can’t tax federal government

US v. Lopez

federal government stretched too far under constitution (Necessary and Proper Clause)

Federalism 51

calls for separation of powers

Rule of Law

everyone in the United States must follow the law