CRIM3 FINALS

Male disorder that is failure to erect.

Erectile Insufficiency

Male disorder that is quick release.

Premature Ejaculation

Male disorder that is failure to ejaculate

Retarded Ejaculation

Female disorder that is frigidity lack of sexual interest

Arousal Insuffiency

Female disorder that is failure to reach orgasm

Orgasmic Dysfunction

Female disorder that is painful sex / coitus / carnal knowledge

Dyspareunia

Female disorder that is lock vaginal spasm

Vaginismus

Study of the role of the victim in the commission of a crime. Study of crime targets. It came from the word “victima” which means fear.

Victimology

Individuals whose rights were violated by another.

Victim

It include financial property and productivity losses on the part of the victims.

Loss

Million of crime victims, suffer injury each year ranging from scratch to a gunshot

Suffering

Fearing a repeat of their attack .safety of others

Fear

Crime victims also seem more likely to commit crime themselves.

Anti-Social Behavior

Weaken by virtue of age and immaturity.

The Young

Often less physically powerful and easily dominated by males.

The Female

Incapable of physical defense and the common object of confidence scheme.

The Old

Those that are unable to think clearly.

The Mentally Defective

Those that are unsure of the rules of conduct in the surrounding society.

The Immigrant

Racial prejudice may lead to victimization or unequal treatment by the agency of justice.

The Minorities

Submissive person by virtue of emotional condition.

The Depressed

Ruled by passion and thoughtlessly seeking pleasure.

The Wanton / Overly Sensual

Victim by virtue of wanting.

The Lonesome

Person who wants more than what is sufficient makes a natural victim of crime.

The Acquisitive / Greedy

A victim who asked for it, often from his own family or friends.

The Heartbroken

Considered as the Father of Victimology. Studied General Victimology and Typology of crime victims.

Benjamin Mendelsohn

Relationship between the victim and the criminal.

Penal Couple

The victim counterpart of the criminal.

Victimal

Signifies the opposite of criminality

Victimity

The attacker but the situation is reversed.

Loser

We have no crime if we had no criminal law.

Logomacy

Awarded to a person’s physical suffering.

Moral Damages

For pecuniary loss.

Actual / Compensatory Damages

When right is violated.

Nominal Damages

Who created Victims of Crime Model?

Bard and Sangrey

Stage during and immediately following the criminal event.

Stage of Impact / Disorganization

Victim formulates psychological defenses.

Stage of Recoil

Victim puts her life back to normal being.

Reorganization Stage

Explain the coping behavior of victims of natural disaster.

Disaster Victim’s Model

Victims condition before victimization.

Pre Impact

Victimization occur.

Impact

Degree and duration of victimization.

Post Impact

Victim’s adjustment to the victimization experience.

Behavioral Outcome

Also called as “Victim Precipitation Theory” Occurs when the victim act provocatively, uses threats or fighting words, or even attacks first.

Active Precipitation Theory

Victim exhibits some personal characteristics that unknowingly either threatens or encourages the attacker.

Passive Precipitation Theory

People may become crime victims because their lifestyle increases their exposure to criminal offenders. Risk is increased by such behaviors as associating with young men, going out late at night, and living in an urban area.

Lifestyle Theory

Victims do not encourage crime but are crime victim because they reside in socially disorganized high crime areas where they have the greatest risk of coming into contact with criminal offenders, irrespective of their own behavior or lifestyle.

Deviant Place Theory

Deviant places are poor, densely populated, highly transient neighborhoods in which commercial and residential property exist side by side.

Deviant Place Theory

First articulated in a series of papers by Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson in which they concluded that the volume and distribution of predatory crime are closely related to the interaction of three variables that reflect the routine activities.

The availability of suitable targets. Absence of capable guardians. Presence of motivated offenders.

Routine Activities Theory

Crime and victimization is a contest of character

Luckenbill - Situated Transaction Mode

6 stage of situated transaction model?

1. initiation of an offensive move by victim

2. interpretation of the move by the offender

3. offender respond

4. victim react

5. both carry out acts of violence each other

6. result is victim death

Victims and his criminal

Stephen Schafer - Responsibility

Social characteristics and behavior

1. unrelated victims- _________

2. provocative victims- _________

3. biologically weak victim- _________

4. socially weak- _________

5. precipitative victim- _________

6. self-victimizing – _________

7. political victims- _________

1. unrelated victims- no responsibility

2. provocative victims- share responsibility

3. biologically weak victim- no responsibility

4. socially weak- no responsibility

5. precipitative victim- some degree of responsibility

6. self-victimizing –total responsibility

7. political victims- no responsibility

The victim of any crime is held at fault for the harm or damage he received. Coined by WILLIAM RYAN.

Victim Blaming

The victim facilitated his own victimization and it makes easier for the criminal to commit the crime.

Victim Facilitation

Results through the response of the victim’s loved ones, the general public and even by social institutions. Happens through victim blaming.

Secondary Deviance

First person who investigate victim precipitation. He study of homicide In Philadelphia .558 homicide to see what extent victims precipitated their own death. Victim and offender knew each other. Male to male offender. Alcohol was also likely to play a role in victim.

Marvin Wolfgang

This one is found in a variety of criminological studies, from prison riots to strain theories.

Benjamin & Master’s Threefold Model

Time, space, being in the wrong place at the wrong time.

Precipitating Factors

Choices, options, lifestyles (the sociological expression "lifestyle" refers to daily routine activities as well as special events one engages in on a predictable basis).

Attracting Factors

All the sociodemographic characteristics of victims, being male, being young, being poor, being a minority, living in squalor, being single, being unemployed.

Predisposing Factors

He examine the extent to which victims precipitated their own rapes and also identified common attributes of victim precipitated raped.

Menachem Amir

He found that these rape were likely involve alcohol, the victim was likely engage in seductive behavior, likely to wear revealing clothing, likely to use risqué language, and she likely had a bad reputation.

Menachim Amir