Biology Study Guide: Cell Biology and Scientific Argumentation

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the biology study guide covering cellular structures, the cell cycle, microscopy, homeostasis, and scientific arguments.

Homeostasis

A characteristic of life involving the maintenance of stable internal biological conditions.

Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning

The three key components that constitute a complete scientific argument.

Dead, Living, and Non-living Specimens

Three distinct categories used in biology to classify the status of a specimen based on characteristics of life.

Cell Theory

A foundational theory in biology that defines the fundamental properties and role of cells in living organisms.

Cell Membrane

A cellular structure whose functional boundary regulates the cell and is relevant to surface area to volume ratio advantages.

Cell Wall

A rigid outer structure found in specific cells whose function is evaluated in cell biology.

Nucleus

A key organelle in eukaryotic cells evaluated for its specific functional role.

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant cells responsible for specific cellular energy processes.

Mitochondria

Cellular organelles evaluated in biology for their specific role in cellular processes.

Ribosome

A cellular structure evaluated for its primary functional role in the cell.

Cilia & Flagella

Cellular projections evaluated for their functions in cell motility and movement.

Prokaryotic Cell

A type of cell characterized by being simpler and smaller compared to a eukaryotic cell.

Eukaryotic Cell

A complex cell type contrasted with prokaryotic cells, which are smaller and simpler.

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

A physical ratio in cells where a larger ratio provides efficiency advantages involving the cell membrane.

Electron Microscope

A type of microscope that provides higher detail and resolution than a light microscope.

Light Microscope

An optical microscope used in biology classrooms despite offering less detail than an electron microscope.

Cell Cycle

The complete sequence of growth and division stages a cell undergoes, including Interphase and Mitosis.

Interphase

The major phase of the Cell Cycle divided into the $G_1$, $S$, and $G_2$ stages.

Mitosis

The major stage of the Cell Cycle following Interphase where active cell division takes place.

Cancerous Biopsy Sample

A tissue sample characterized by a significantly higher percentage of actively dividing cells, such as $35\%$ compared to $5\%$.