Chapter 3: The Goals of Sentencing

List the goals of sentencing

revenge, retribution, just deserts, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation or reformation, reintegration, and restoration

Revenge

an emotional response to real or imagined injury or insult

Retribution

retaliation against a criminal perpetrator

Just deserts

the principle that offenders should receive punishment proportional to the severity of their crimes

Deterrence

the discouragement or prevention of crimes through the fear of punishment

Specific deterrence

the deterrence of the individual being punished from additional crimes

General deterrence

the use of an example of individual punishment to dissuade others from committing crimes

Incapacitation

the use of imprisonment or other means to reduce an offender’s capability to commit future offenses

Rehabilitation or Reformation

the changing of criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones

Reintegration

the process of making the offender a productive member of the community

Restoration

the process of returning to their previous condition all those involved in or affected by crime

List five different sentences

mandatory, consecutive, concurrent, flat, and indeterminate

Mandatory

those required by law under certain circumstances

Consecutive

sentences served after the other

Concurrent

sentences served together

Flat

those that specify an amount of time to be served in custody and do not allow variation from the time specified

Indeterminate

when a judge specifies a maximum and a minimum length of time, and generally a parole board determines the actual time of a release

Explain what is capital punishment

the lawful imposition of the death penalty. It was once common throughout the world and imposed for many crimes. It began changing in the 18th century during the Enlightenment

What are the methods of execution?

lethal injection, electrouction, lethal gas, hanging, and firing squad

What is an intermediate sanction? List and explain the intermediate sanctions

new punishment options to fill the gap between traditional probation and traditional jail or prison sentences and to better match the severity of punishment to the seriousness of the crime. Intermediate sanctions include probation, intensive supervision probation (ISP), drug courts, restitution, fines, and day fines, community service, day reporting, remote-location monitoring, residential reentry centers, boot camp, and jail or prison

Probation

a conditional release of a person convicted of a crime into the community

Intensive supervision probation (ISP)

community supervision under strict conditions through frequent reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload

Drug courts

special courts that is given responsibility to handle cases involving persons with a substance-use disorder

Restitution, fines, and day fines

regular payments to crime victims or to the courts

Community service

a completion of a set number of hours of work in and for the community

Day reporting

reporting to a central location everyday to file a schedule with the supervision officer, showing how each hour will be spent

Remote-location monitoring

restriction of offender to home expect when at work, school, or treatment

Residential reentry centers

residential settings for selected offenders as a supplement to probation

Boot camp

rigorous military-style regimen for younger offenders designed to accelerate punishment while instilling discipline

List three types of drug courts

DWI Court, Juvenile Drug Court, Family Drug Court

DWI Court

a postconviction court, dedicated to changing the behavior of alcohol-dependent repeat offenders arrested for DWI

Juvenile Drug Court

handles delinquency cases and in some instances, status offenders who are identified as having problems with alcohol and/or other drugs

Family Drug Court

targets parental substance abuse in juvenile abuse, neglect, and dependency cases

What is the philosophy of community corrections?

emphasizes rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders into the community