CONTEMPORARY WORLD: CHAPTER 1.6 (Competing the Theoretical Approaches)

Realism, Liberalism, Idealism/Constructivism

What are the Competing the Theoretical Approaches?

Realism and Globalization

The realist perspective explaining globalization focuses on the shifting distribution of power among states (Walt, 1998 and Synder, 2004).

Realism and Globalization

It focuses on power and competition among states.

Economic Gain, Political and Military Power

What are the Two Main Reasons of Realism?

Economic Gain

Countries/global companies expand into new markets to increase their profits.

Economic Gain

Also known as Profit Motive

Economic Gain

Example: Companies like McDonald's, Coca-Cola, and Microsoft have spread globally to increase their profits.

Political and Military Power

Strong nations use economic ties to support their power and military strength.

Political and Military Power

Example: The U.S. is building alliances and military bases while promoting trade.

Power, Force, Military Strength

What are the Difference of Realism from Liberalism?

Liberalism and Globalization.

Emphasizes relationships, communication, and negotiations

Liberalism and Globalization

Institutions and laws maintain order in international relations

Liberalism and Globalization’

Cooperation = key to solving conflicts

Dialogue, Rules, Institutions, Cooperations

What are the Difference of Liberalism from Realism?

Global Economic Ties, International Organizations, Spread of Democracy and Institutions

What are the Key Factors of Liberalism in Globalization?

Spread of Democracy and Institutions

Citizens' participation = balance of power

Spread of Democracy and Institutions

Democracies avoid threats & intimidation

Spread of Democracy and Institutions

Rule of law = fairness & stability

Global Economic Ties

Cooperation through markets & alliances

Global Economic Ties

Examples: EU (Eurozone), ASEAN (AEC)

Global Economic Ties

Shared prosperity = shared peace

International Organizations

Promote peace & solidarity

International Organizations

Examples: OPEC, NATO

International Organizations

Instruments of global governance

Liberalism = democracy + economy + institutions

Liberalism = ____________ +___________ + ___________

Liberalism and Globalization

Globalization works best through cooperation, not force

Idealism/Constructivism

Values, norms, and ideas shape global politics

Idealism/Constructivism

Identities, ideologies, and systems guide behavior

Idealism/Constructivism

Emphasis on morality, ethics, and transparency

Core Idea of Idealism

Norms: human rights, democracy, transparency

Core Idea of Idealism

Actions guided by morality, not just power or profit

Alexander Wendt

constructivism, "anarchy is what states make of it" (states act based on shared ideas)

Hugh Ruggie

emphasized social structures and evolving norms

Appropriateness, Transparency

What are the Idealist Principles?

Appropriateness

doing what is morally right

Transparency

fairness and openness in decisions