Physiological/ psychological response to injury

Physiological response to injury

Body’s response to injury

Vasodilation

blood vessels widen to increase flow

Vasoconstriction

blood vessels become narrow and limit flow

Leukocytes

white blood cells; fight injury/ infection

Phagocytosis

clean up and digestion of damaged or foreign particles

Type of leukocytes

Exudate

discharge of blood elements into tissue spaces

Hypoxia

Lack of oxygen

Fibroplasia

2nd phase of tissue healing in which collagen fiber meshwork is formed; scar formation

Fibroblast

cell that contributes to formation of connective tissue fibers

Collagen

Extracellular proteins that form connective tissue between cells

Synthesis

Development

Avascular

Without blood flow

Prefix A

without

What are the phases of injury

Acute inflammatory response

Fibroblastic repair

Maturation/ Remodeling

When is Phase 1

0-4 days post injury

What happens during phase 1

formation of clot

Send cells in t clean and prepare area for scar tissue

Vasoconstrictions 5-10 min(clotting factors activated)

Vasodilation up to 36hrs post injury

What happens in vasodilation during phase 1

leukocytes and phagocytic cells are sent it

Cell walls are more permeable so increase in exudate

What are the negatives of phase 1

there will be cell death

Prolonged inflammation will increase amount of cells damaged

What are the causes of cell death in phase 1

trama to involved tissue

Hypoxia of surrounding healthy tissue

Exposures to phagocytic enzymes by surrounding tissues

When is phase 2

Few hours pst injury to 6 weeks

What happens during phase 2

formation of granulation tissue

Random placement of collagen

Increasing strength of scar tissue

What are some types of granulation tissues

Capillaries

Fibroblasts

Collagen synthesis

When is phase 3

can last a year or more

What happens during phase 3

Unorganized collagen matrix begins to align based on tensile strength

What can change how long phase 3 lasts

location of injury

Amount of damage from initial injury

Patients activity level

Describe scar tissue

typically weaker than original tissue

Inelastic

Avascular

When was the 5 stages of grief applied to loss/ death and what was it called

1969

kübler- Ross model

How has the 5 stages of grief changed

It is now also applied to sports injuries

What are the 5 stages of grief

Denial

Anger

Bargaining

Depression

Acceptance

Describe denial

Individuals believe diagnosis is mistaken and cling to a false personality

Helps to minimize pain of loss of self- identity

Trying to understand what’s happening

Describe anger

Very common

Trying to adjust to a new reality

Experiencing discomfort

Can leave you feeling isolated in your experience

Describe Bargaining

common to feel so desperate you are willing to do anything to minimize the pain

Tend to look at personal faults/regrets

Describe depression

reality of the situation sets in

Bargaining no longer feels like an option

Tend to pull inward as sadness grows

Describe acceptance

No longer feeling pain of loss

Sadness and regret can still be present

Exploring new options, making new plans, or moving on

What are some emotions that athletes can feel when injured

sadness

Isolation

Irritation

Lack of emotion

Frustration

Anger

Disengaged

When do emotions become problematic

symptoms don’t resolve, worsen, or seem excessive

What are some warning signs of problematic emotions

Unreasonable fear of injury

Continued denial

General impatience and irritability

Rapid mood swings

Withdrawal

Extreme guilt

Dwelling on minor physical complaints

Obsession of return-to-play

What is the most significant psychological factor that can determine and athletes response to injury

their identity as an athlete

What does it mean when someone talks about their identity as an athlete

How much of their life do they dedicate to their sport