SPS - Sports injuries

Risk management

process of measuring or assessing risk and developing strategies to prevent risk

Acute V chronic

Acute = Occur’s quickly, pain and loss of function is immediate.

Chronic = Affects performance over the longer term

Hypothermia v Hyperthermia

Hypothermia = exposure to wet/cold

Hyperthermia = exposure to heat,humid

Hypothermia symptoms + treatment

symptoms = loss of coordiantion, slow pulse, shivering

Treatment = warm drinks, replace wet clothes with warm clothes

Hyperthermia symptoms + treatment

symptoms = blurry vision, fatigue, light headedness

Treatment = drink fluids, stop physical activity, remove clothing, find shade

Asthma: causes and prevention

• narrowing airways restricts intake

• causes - pollution, exercise, smoke, colds, dust

• prevention - warm up, cool down, medication

DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness)

24-48 post unaccustomed exercise

reducing effect - effective warmup, active cool down, stretching over 24-48 hours

treatment - RICERS, anti-inflammatory drugs, gentle eccentric exercise

RICERS

rest, ice, compression, elevate, referral.

Overtraining

not enough recovery time, time following injury

to much volume, overloaded

Miscallenous symptoms

• frequent illness

• loss of appetite

• increase in overuse injuries

• insomnia

Physical symptoms - Overtraining

• down performance

• muscle soreness

• fatigue

Psychological symptoms - overtraining

• down concentration

• down motivation

• up irritability / anger / depression

Sprain v Strain

Sprain - ligament

Strain - muscle or tendon

Ultrasound

• high frequency waves, warms and vibrates muscles

Hydrotherapy

• using water

• loss of weight/ load on the joints

• reduces pain and muscles spasms

Hyperbaric therapy

• saturates the tissue with oxygen

TENS therapy

• stimulated by electrical pulse, which produces heat within the muscle

Massage

• help muscles return to normal length

• increases heat and blood flow

• reduce soreness

interferential

electrical current through suctions caps to reduce

• swelling

• stimulate circulation

• relieve pain

• stimulate muscle

Skin abrasion

• when the surface of the skin is broken. They usually cause pain and shallow bleeding as a result of skin scraping.

Laceration

Where there is damage to the skin and to the underlying tissue. E.g boxers eyelid split open

Blisters

Where the outer layer of skin seperates due to friction, which causes a pocket of fluid or blood to form.

Calluses

Result from a build up of dead skin caused by frequent rubbing or pressure.

What are the 5 types of injuries

Direct, indirect, overuse, soft tissue, hard tissue.

Direct

When the body makes contact with an external object.

Indirect

caused by forces inside the body, such as an excessive strain on muscles + ligaments

Overuse

when specific body regions are used over periods of time, repetitive and low impact

Soft tissue

an injury to any tissue except bone and teeth

Hard tissue

Injuries to bone and teeth.

DRSABCD

• Danger

• Response

• Send for help

• Check airwyas

• Check breathing

• CPR

• Defibrillatio

NO-HARM

NO

• HEAT

• ALCOHOL

• RUNNING

• MASSAGE

GRADE 1 - muscular tear

• few tears in fibre

• No pain on stretch

• mild pain

Grade 2 - muscular tear

• more fibres are damaged

• Reduction in strength

• Pain on stretch

Grade 3

• Complete tear of a muscle

• Severe pain

• Limited movement

Inflammatory response

Acute → Proliferation/healing → remodelling

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Acute phase

• body sends blood to area, swells and becomes red

• pressure on nerves

Healing phase

• scar of tissue builds up

• Thickening of ligament or tendon

Remodelling

Ligament gradually comes down to old size

Increases strength

SALTAPS

• stop

• ask

• look

• touch

• active movement (move yourself)

• Passive movement (someone else move u?)

proprioception

is your body's ability to sense movement, action, and location.