Animal Science and Toxicology: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to toxic agents, persistent organic pollutants, their effects, and related regulatory efforts.

What are Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)?

POPs are organic chemicals that persist in the environment for a long time because of their low biodegradability and are highly toxic to organisms.

What key characteristics define organic pollutants?

Organic pollutants contain carbon, are either natural or human-made, have low water solubility, are lipophilic, and can contaminate feed products.

What is the primary composition of hydrocarbons?

Hydrocarbons consist only of hydrogen and carbon, exhibiting low polarity and high lipid solubility.

How do POPs affect ecosystems and human health?

POPs pose serious risks including cancer, reproductive disorders, immune system disruption, and endocrine interference.

What are examples of intentionally produced organic pollutants?

Examples include PCBs used in electrical applications, DDT used for pest control, and chemicals used in agriculture.

What are dioxins and how are they formed?

Dioxins are a group of highly toxic chemicals formed during the burning of waste and certain industrial processes.

What is the effect of PCBs on wildlife?

PCBs bioaccumulate in marine species, leading to high concentrations in fat-rich organisms, affecting the food chain.

How can dioxins enter the human body?

Dioxins can enter the body through contaminated food, air, or skin contact.

What is the Toxicity Equivalence Factor (TEF)?

TEF expresses the toxicity of dioxins and PCBs in terms of the most toxic dioxin, 2,3,7,8-TCDD.

What are brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and their uses?

BFRs are organobromine compounds used to reduce flammability in materials like plastics, textiles, and electronics.

What is the common source of PFAS in the environment?

PFAS are widely found in consumer products like non-stick cookware, waterproof apparel, and grease-resistant food packaging.

What is the major health concern associated with PFAS?

PFAS can cause liver damage, disrupt hormone levels, and weaken immune response.

How do pharmaceuticals contaminate the environment?

Pharmaceuticals enter the environment through wastewater, agricultural runoff, and improper disposal.

What are typical effects of synthetic hormones in fish due to pharmaceutical pollution?

Synthetic hormones can cause feminization in male fish and hormonal changes in aquatic creatures.

What was the focus of the Stockholm Convention?

The Stockholm Convention aims to eliminate POPs that negatively affect human health and the environment.

Give examples of POPs banned by the Stockholm Convention.

Examples include DDT, PCBs, and various pesticides and industrial chemicals.