Animal Repro/pregnancy

What is the main funciton of the ovary

Produces female oocytes (sex cells) and hormones. Most mamals have two

What is the main function of the oviduct

Site of fertilization (where sperm and egg meet not where sperm enters) connected to the ovary.

What is the main function of the uterus

Fetal development after fertilization, where the AI site of sperm deposition happens

What is the main funciton of the cervix

barrier to protect fetus and the inside repro tract; can be opened or closed (Closed during pregnacy, open during breeding)

What is the main purpose of the vagina

the female copulatry (sex) organ; the site of natural breeding sperm deposition

What is unique about the hen’s reproductive system

One ovary, embryotic development happens in the egg instead of in the body

What is the main function of the testicles

Site of spermatazoa production and hormone production

What is the main function of the epididymis

Stores, concentrates, and transports the sperm.

What is the main function of the scrotum

outside covering of the testicles, regualtes temperature by descending or contracting

What is the main function of the vas defrens/deduct defrens

transports the sperm

What are the male acessory glands

Seminal vesicle, cowpers gland/bulbourethral gland, prostate gland.

What are the main functions of the acessory glands

Add fluid, buffers, and nutrients and finally becomes semen

What is the main funciton of the penis

the male copulatory (sex) organ, delivers semen during natural breeding.

What is unique about the roosters reproductive tract

Phallus penis, unequal testicles, no scrotum, concentrated semen

What does GnRH do

Sourced from the Hypothalamus; Targets the anterior petuitairy and releases FSH and LH

What does LH do

Sourced from the anterior petuitairy; targets the ovary/testes; functions include ovualtion, CL formation, progesterone/testostorone production

What does FSH do

Sourced from the anterior petuitairy; targets the ovary/testes; functions as the folicle stimulating hormone and aids in folicular development, estrogen production and spermatogenesis

What does Estrogen do

Sourced from the folicle and placenta; targeting the uterus, hypothalamus and mamary tissue; functions in stimulating mating behavior and GnRH release

What does testostorone do

sourced from the testies; targets the skeletal muscle, and seminiferous tubles; functions to aid in anabolic growth and spermatogenesis

What does progesterone do

sourced from teh CL and placenta; targets the uterus and hypothalamus; functions to maintain pregnancy and inhibits GnRH

What does PGF2α do

Sourced from the uterine endometrium; targets the CL, uterus, grafian folicles; functions to regress the CL, uterine contractions and ovulation

What is estrous

the entire cycle of heat and ovulation

What is estrus

standing heat

What is the polyestrus

having multiple heats per year

What is monoestrus

having only one heat per year

What is the average length of estrous for bovine

21 days

what is the average length of estrus for bovine

18 hours

what is the average length of gestation for bovine

285 days (~9 mo)

What is the avg length of estrous for sheep

17 days

What is the duration of estrus for sheep

30 hours

What is the avg gestation length for sheep

147 days

what is the avg estrous length for horses

22 days

what is the avg estrus length for horses

7 days

what is the avg gestation length for horses

335 days (~1 year)

What is the avg length of estrous for a pig

21 days

what is the avg length of estrus for a pig

60 hours

What is the avg gestation length for pigs 3 mo, 3 wk, 3 days (~114 days)

What is the avg estrous length for goats

21 days

what is the avg estrus length for goats

39 hours

what is the avg gestation length for goats

150 Days

What is the placenta and why is it important

membrane system that happens during pregnancy; provides protection exchange of nutrients from mother to embryo

What is the chorion

outside layer of placenta that attatches to the mother

What is the allantoic membranes

layer between the chorion and amnion

what is the amnion

layer that forms against the fetus and protects it

What is partruition

process of having the offspring

How is partruition dictated

By the offspring. Affecting factors are movement, levels of cortizol, oxytocin and PGF2α, relaxin being produced

What is relaxin

hormone that relaxes the ligaments and tendons so the mother can give birth

What is the first stage of partruition

The cervix dilates: mother becomes uncomfy and begins positioning herslef, fetus begins repositioning

What is the 2nd stage of partruition

Waterbag (amnion) appears and breaks: leads to delivery of the offspring, can last 30 min to a couple hours

What is the 3rd stage of partruition

Expulsion of the afterbirth: All remaining placenta is delivered