Early and Middle Childhood

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5 Terms

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Early Childhood (ages 3-6)

  • rapid development

  • problem age

    • children begin to test limits and express independence

  • toy age

    • symbolic and pretend play become central

  • questioning age

    • children ask “why?” to understand the world

  • pre-gang age

    • begin forming peer relationships

    • they start learning social norms through group interactions but are still dependent on caregivers

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What are sensitive periods?

windows in early development when the brain is especially ready to learn new skills

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human brain development

  • sensory pathways (vision, hearing)

    • peak in the first few months after birth

  • language

    • peaks around 6-9 months

    • still sensitive in preschool years (3-5 years)

  • higher cognitive functions

    • begin to rise around age 1 peak around age 3-6

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Key Developmental Domains (ages 3-6)

  1. mental development

  2. emotional development

  3. social development

  4. language development

  5. understanding

  6. moral values

  7. common interests

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Problems of Early Childhood

  1. eating problems

  2. elimination problem

  3. sleeping problems

  4. accidents

  5. social adjustment issues

  6. neurodevelopment challenges

    • autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

    • ADHD