HTHRHSC 3500: Critical Phases Quiz 1 Popouts

human development

study of processes of change and stability throughout the human life span

life-span development

concept of human development as a life long process which can be studied scientifically

give examples of practical applications of research on human development

child rearing, education, health, social policy

identify four goals of the scientific study of human development

description, explanation, prediction, intervention

name at least 6 disciplines involved in the study of human development

psychology, psychiatry, sociology, anthropology, biology, education, history, medicine, family sciences

the 3 domains of development are:

physical, cognitive, psychosocial

physical development

growth of body and brain including patterns of change in sensory, motor skills, and health

cognitive development

pattern of change in mental abilities, such as learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

psychosocial development

pattern of change in emotions, personality, and social relationships

social construction

a concept or practice that may appear natural and obvious to those who accept it, but that in reality is an invention of a particular culture or society

the metaphor about the spider web relates to what?

interactions between domains; one thread of development affected by what else if happening in the web

8 periods of human development

prenatal, infancy/toddlerhood, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, emerging, middle, late

prenatal

conception; sensory stimuli develop; organs form

infancy toddlerhood

systems operate at varying degrees; comprehension develops; self-awareness occurs/egocentric

early childhood

steady growth, fine/gross motor skills; memory and language increase; importance of peers

adolescence

reproductive maturity; think abstractly; search for identity

emerging

lifestyle choice affect health; complex thoughts/moral judgements; marry and become parents

middle

deterioration of physical; mental peak; midlife transition

late

continuation of physical decline; retirement

individual differences

differences in characteristics, influences, or developmental outcomes

heredity

inborn traits from biological parents

environment

totality of nonhereditary influences on development

maturation

unfolding of a natural sequence of physical and behavioral changes

socioeconomic status

combination of economic and social factors describing an individual or family, including income, education, and occupation

risk factors

conditions that increase the likelihood of a negative developmental outcome

culture

society or groups total way of life; customs, traditions, beliefs, values, languages; learned

ethnic group

united by ancestry, race, religion, national origins

ethnic gloss

overgeneralization about an ethnic or cultural group that obscures differences within the group

give examples of the influences of family/neighborhood, SES, culture, ethnicity, historical context

family: extended family helps raise child

SES: might not send to greatest school

culture: the food they eat

ethnicity: how they are treated

historical: events affect people

normative

happens at similar time for most people; ex: puberty

historical generation

people who experience an event during a formative time of their lives

nonnormative

characteristic of an unusual event that happens to a particular person or a typical event that happens at an unusual time of life

example of normative age graded?

example of normative history graded?

example of nonnormative influence

age: puberty at 12

history: 9/11 shaping behavior

nonnormative: birth at 65

imprinting

during formative period; follow first thing you see

critical period

needs to happen here for normal development; if it doesnt usually development doesnt happen right

plasticity

range of modifiability of performance

sensitive period

a person is extra sensitive and open to something

contrast critical vs sensitive

critical: could result in abnormal pattern fo development

sensitive: especially responsive to an event

summarize Balte's 7 Life Span Development Approaches

Lifelong

Multidimensional

Multidirectional

Shows Plasticity

Influenced by History/Social

Involves change in resource allocation

Relative influence of biology/culture shifts over life time