CHAP 1:Introduction to Molecular biology

PRELIMS

It is the study of the structure, function, and makeup of the molecular building blocks of life.

Molecular Biology

What year does the Scientists focused on explaining the Phenomena of life by studying the macromolecules that generate life

1930’s

WHO established the existence of a precise relationship between genes and proteins

George Beadle and Edward Tatum

1940 -NAME OF SCIENTIST/S

George Beadle and Edward Tatum

James Watson and Francis Crick

discovered the double helical structure of the DNA molecule

James Watson and Francis Crick YEAR

1953

jump-started the field of genetic engineering when he invented the polymerase chain reaction, an elegantly simple “biological copy machine” that rapidly can produce many copies of a specific piece of DNA in the lab.

Kary Mullis

major breakthrough in modern science

discovery of the mechanism of heredity

utilizing an organism in order to produce new technology

Genetic Engineering

utilization of certain biological molecules to treat specific diseases.

Gene Therapy

1990

Human Genome Project

• They wanted to discover all kinds of genes in human

• to identify prospect diseases in humans, focus on discovering characteristics of human

Human Genome Project

a set of genes from an organism. NOT limited to humans.

GENOME:

selected model organisms used for HGP (Human Genome Project)

bacterium E. coli and the mouse

• often mistaken as molecular biology (more broad than genomics) but it is NOT

• Focus directly on the Nucleic acid (DNA

Genomics

• human genomes to select proper medication agents

• Utilizing genome characteristics of human for his/her treatment

Pharmacogenomics

– function of genes on a molecular level

Molecular genetics

• deals with proteins

• Structure, functions and interactions of proteins

Proteomics

• sub brand of pharmacology

• It is about attaining information utilizing genes in response to toxicity

Toxicogenomics

• DNA printing, etc

• Utilizes concepts of nucleic acid to solve a certain crime for investigation

DNA forensics

• Plants, animals, human

• Membrane bound

• Covered by plasma membrane or cell membrane (comprised of complex carbohydrates and lipids)

Eukaryotic cell

• Bacterium

• Not membrane bound

• Unicellular organisms (example)

• Has flagella, has the ability to move

Prokaryotic cell

genetic information of bacteria

Plasmids

T or F

• Cell theory – states that all living things are not made up of one or more cells.

• Cell cannot be produced from another cell

FALSE

• Focuses on the interactions between the various systems of a cell including: Interrelationship of DNA, RNA & protein synthesis and how these interactions are regulated

Molecular Biology