Honors Chemistry - Unit 2.2: Calorimetry Vocabulary

Honors Chemistry

calorimeter

device used to create an isolated system for heat flow

constant volume calorimeter (bomb calorimeter)

used to evaluate the heat flow associated with a chemical reaction; takes place inside a rigid sealed container that maintains a constant volume

constant pressure calorimeter (coffee-cup calorimeter)

used to evaluate the heat flow under constant atmospheric pressure; takes place inside a coffee-cup filled with room temperature water that is open to the atmosphere

conductor (of heat)

any substance that readily allows for the transfer of heat (e.g. metals)

insulator (of heat)

a substance that does not readily allow for the transfer of heat (e.g. Styrofoam)

latent heat change

an energy change that results in an increase/decrease in the distance between matter and an associated potential energy change; it is calculated using q = DHm

sensible heat change

an energy change that results in an increase/decrease in the speed (or velocity) of matter and an associated kinetic energy change; it is calculated using q = cpmDT

kinetic energy

energy of motion; it is directly proportional to the speed (or velocity) of matter; it is calculated using KE = 1/2mv2

potential energy

the energy of position; it is directly proportional to the distance between matter; it is calculated using PE = mgh

specific heat capacity

the energy required to raise the temperature of a substance one degree Celsius (J/g°C); the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g°C and as a result 4.18 J is also known as a calorie

enthalpy of fusion

the energy required to change 1 gram (J/g) of solid to a liquid that is already at its melting-point temperature

enthalpy of vaporization

the energy required to change 1 gram (J/g) of a liquid to gas that is already at its boiling-point temperature