RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEAs REVIEW

Nasal Cavity

air is warmed, humidified, and filtered by mucus and hair

Pharynx

Junction for both food and air

(*crossroad where food goes down to esophagus and air goes down the larynx)

Larynx

VOICE BOX

Trachea

Cylinder tube with rings of cartilage that provides support/allow air to pass through

*food SHOULD NOT ENTER

*tranchea extends and splits into bronchi that lead to the lungs

EPIGLOTTIS

Prevents food for entering the trachea

Bronchi

There are TWO bronchus; LEFT and RIGHT

Bronchioles

smaller branches of bronchial airways

Alveoli

lots of tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange

INFORMATION ABOUT THE LUNGS

The lungs are divided into sections known as the LOBES

[3 lobes located on the right/ 2 lobes located on the left due to CARDIAC NOTCH (accommodation for the heart)

How many times do bronchi split? What are the names of these bronchi?

1. Primary Bronchi

2. Secondary Bronchi

3. Tertiary Bronchi

4. Bronchioles

(space that air has to travel through becomes smaller and smaller as it move further down)

Conducting Zone

Transports air from the outside environment to the site of the gas exchange

(nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles)

*known as the anatomical dead space as no gas exchange accurs

Respiratory Zone

Structures in the lungs where gas exchange takes place

(respiratory bronchioles, alveoli, and alveolar ducts)

*Sites where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is removed

How is the respiratory system connected to the cardiovascular system?

Red Blood Cells deliver oxygen throughout the body and pick up carbon dioxide as a waste product to be exhaled

How does the Skeletal System connect with the Skeletal System?

The ribs protect the lungs by forming a protective cage around our lungs

How does our muscular system connect with the respiratory system?

Intercoastal muscles (located in between our ribs) + Diaphragm (located beneath our lungs) + abdominal muscles work together to expand and contract the thoracic cavity aiding in breathing

How does the nervous system connect with the nervous system?

voluntary and involuntary controls the respiratory system by using pH levels in our blood

*EXTRA: pH scale

A measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is

*measures hydrogen ion concentration

ACIDIC

Have higher hydrogen concentration (lower numbers on the scale)

*accumulation of carbon dioxide increases hydrogen concentration

BASIC

Have longer hydrogen concentrations (higher numbers on the scale)

(breathing mechanic) INSPIRATION/INHALATION

Diaphragm (below lungs) + Intercoastal muscles (in between ribs) CONTRACT (flatten downwards)

*thoracic cavity expands/volume increases

(breathing mechanics) EXPIRATION/EXHALATION

Diaphragm + Intercoastal muscles RELAX

*thoracic cavity volume decreases

Perfusion

Delivering blood to the body’s tissues, organs, and cells

Ventilation

Movement of air in and out of the lungs (breathing)

Hypoventilation (ventilation is inadequate)

pH is ACIDIC

*slow breathing + (decrease in O2) HYPOXIA + HYPERCAPNIA (increase of CO2)

Hyperventilation (depth and rate of breathing is excessive)

*pH is basic

Fast breathing + HYPEROXIA (increase in O2) + HYPOCAPNIA (decrease in CO2)

*Leads to respiratory alkalosis = pH in the blood increases (basic)