Renaissance and Reformation

what are some factors that led to the decline of feudalism?

The plague, the crusades, and the hundred years war

what was the war of the roses? who rose power as a result?

It was a series of wars between the houses of lancaster and york for the english throne. Henry Tudor gains power.

what is a flagellant?

A person who whipped themselves to punish sin and seek gods forgiveness. 

What is the accepted mortality rate of the plague in europe?

1/3 of the population

Who was blamed for the plague and why?

The Jews because they were accused of poisoning wells and contaminating water

How did the plague change art

after the plague art was more focused on death

summarize the main events of the life, trial, and death of joan of arc.

Joan of Arc claims that she was sent by the gods to save France. When she goes to New Orleans, she sees the crowning of the dauphin and asks him to stop the madness when Joanne went to save Paris. She was captured by the enemy. They treated her poorly and made he sign the confession. Originally she did not, but eventually did to save her life. She was then burned at the stake which her heart was the only thing that survived, and the people ride it after because they believed she was a saint.

What does the term perspective mean in art?

a term for the way of drawing or painting that gives things 3-D aspects and depth.

What does the term renaissance mean?

to rebirth

What was humanism?

A way of thinking that focus people's abilities

What does the word vernacular mean?

local every day language people speak in a region

What does secular mean?

separation from religion and influence

Who invented the printing press why was it relevant to the renaissance?

Johannes gutenburg. It was irrelevant because it helped spread knowledge by using books throughout the world..

Summarize the main ideas of Machiaveli

People are naturally selfish and unreliable, a ruler shouldn't trust people too much, a ruler should eliminate threats completely, it is more important to appear good than to actually be good, people will help you when things are easy, but abandon you and tough times, if punishments are necessary, do it cleanly and avoid harming a person's property, people must be controlled through fear or strong pressure, being feared is more effective than being loved, the end justify the means, leadership should focus on practicality and not mortality. 

What are the two main quotes from the prince by Machiavelli?

“if one has to choose, it is better to be fear than loved” and “the ends, justify the means”

Summarize the main ideas of Thomas More

He thought society should be fair and focused on helping people, he thought punishments should not be harsh and that people should have chances to work and improve their lives. He supported sharing property and everyone, including women should work. He wanted education based on ability, so people could move up if they prove themselves worthy, and he believed in kindness towards sick and freedom of religion.

What were the main beliefs of Rabelais?

 education should focus on curiosity and real learning. People should think for themselves, human happiness and enjoyment matter. Freedom helps people become good, church and government corruption should be criticized in humans have great potential (Christian humanism)

What were indulgences?

pieces of paper issued by the church that would give you time off in purgatory

What was the 95 theses?

a document with 95 things wrong with the church

What were Martin Luther's main beliefs?

his number one belief was to stop selling indulgences, he thought all church teachings and practices should come from the Bible, he thought you should get to heaven by having faith alone, and priests should be allowed to get married.

What was the diet of worms?

It was a meeting between Pop Leo and HRE Charles fifth where they wanted Martin Luther to come and when he did, they wanted him to publicly say he was wrong, but he said he would if they showed him where he was wrong in the Bible. 

who were hus and wycliffe

 they were reformers who believed in having direct relation with God to achieve salvation

What was the edict of worms?

a decree that declared Martin Luther and outlaw

Who did Luther support during the peasant revolt? Why?

he supported the Lords because the state and rulers were called by God to maintain the Lords.

What were the main beliefs of the Anabaptists?

 complete separation of church and state, adult baptism, equality of all believers and pacifism

what were some secular reasons that some german princes supported the reformation?

political and economic motivations

who was zwingli

brought protestantism to Switzerland

who was calvin

replaced zwingli as the protestant leader of switzerland

what was predestination

the idea that god had predetermined who would be saved and would be damned.

who was king henry the 8th

The king pf England. He defended the church against martin Luther. He created the church of England and made everyone join. The church allowed Luther to divorce.

what was the counter reformation

when the Catholic Church made some changes to try and keep people from turning to protestantism

Who was ignatius loyola

A Spanish noble who founded the society of Jesus in 1534

What are some of the things Alberti says a good painting needs

detail, consistency, and variety

What are some of the things that should be avoided in painting?

leaving no blank spac