Biology- cell structure and microscopy

label the parts of a plant cell

label the parts of an animal cell

Nucleus function

• contains the genetic material (DNA)

• controls cell activity

Mitochondria function

• produces energy for the cell

• It also where most energy is released in respiration

Cell wall function

• protects the cell

• gives the cell a fixed shape

Cytoplasm function

• jelly like fluid where chemical reacts happens (mainly water)

Cell membrane function

• controls what goes in and out of the cell

Ribosomes function

• Makes protein

Chloroplasts function

• Absorbs loght energy for photosynthesis

Vacuole function

• It is filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid (which is when you are filled with fluid and it pushes against the cell wall)

What are two things that are in the plant cell but not in the animal cell

Vacuole and Chloroplast

Eukaryotic cell

Complex cells which have a nucleus

Prokaryotic cell

Simple cells which do not have a nucleus

Is this a eukaryotic cell or prokaryotic cell and why

Eukaryotic cell because it has a nucleus

Is this eukaryotic cell or prokaryotic cell and why

Prokaryotic cell because it had no nucleus

Label this eukaryotic cell

Label this prokaryotic cell

What is the difference between a bacteria cell wall and a plant cell wall

Bacteria cell walls are more flexible than plant cell walls

What is the difference between the type of cells that the prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are

prokaryotic cells and bacteria cells while eukaryotic cells are plant cels

What do some bacteria cells have

Some bacteria cells have a flagellum on the outside of the cell (not all cells!).

The flagellum are long, whip like structures that the bacteria can use to move the cells along through liquid.

Slime capsule function

Protects the bacteria from environmental dangers like antibiotics and desiccation

DNA loop function

Single circular strand of DNA not enclosed in a nucleus

It brings two genes that are far away from each other into close proximity which helps communicate with genes that are far away

Plasmids functions

Small rings of DNA that Casey extracted genes (e.g. antibiotic resistance)

So they carry extra genes which you do not need in every day survival but provide advantages in hatch environments. For example it provides antibiotic resistance so that the bacteria will not be killed when medicine is used and will multiply

Is a eukaryotic cell a yeast cell or plant cell

It is both a yeast cell and plant cell

What are ones key parts of prokaryotic cell

• slime capsule, plasmid, DNA loop, flagella (not in all), cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm

What are yeast cells

Yeast are single celled structures (unicellular)

What are 2 different types of microscopes

• light microscope

• electron microscope

Light microscope function

• combines 2 lenses to magnify what we see up to a thousands of times.

• uses light waves to view objects

Electron microscope function

• Used to see things in even more detail

• This uses beams of electrons instead of light and can magnify millions of times.

Light microscope positives and negatives

• low resolution - N

• Lower degree of magnification - N

• Some reasonable detail as you can see the whole organisms and few Sub-cellular structures with low resolution. - kind of P but can be better

• Easier to carry -P

• cheap - P

Electron microscope positives and negatives

• high resolution -P

• Higher degree of magnification -P

• Higher detail can be observed as you can see sub cellular structures in good detail -P

• too big - N

• expensive - N

Label the parts of a microscope

Hazards of microscope and what to do when this happens

• iodine stain - handle stains and other liquids carefully

• Broken glass - discard carefully to ensure you do not hurt yourself or anyone else

• Eye accidents - keep goggles on at all time

• Break slides - adjust the fine and coarse focus carefully

Magnification definition

The degree to which the size of an image is larger than the object itself

Resolution definition

The degree to which it is possible to distinguish between the objects between the 2 objects that are very close together (ie. How clearly the object appears)

What is the calculation for total magnification (for magnification settings)

Total magnification = eye piece x objective lens

Equation for size of image

Size of image = actual size x magnification

Equation for actual size (original size)

Actual size = size of image / magnification

Equation for magnification

Magnification = size of image is image / actual size

What are the magnification settings

40x, 100x, 400x, 1000x

How do you get from centimetres to millimetres to micrometres to nanometres