Science chapter 1.1-5

What is the contribution of Watson and Crick to our information of genetics?

They discovered DNA’s double helix structure, explaining DNA replication.

What is the contribution of Rosalind and Franklin to our knowledge of genetics?

They revealed the DNA’s shape, helping to prove the double helix structure.

What is the function of DNA?

DNA stores information for growth, development, and reproduction.

What are the 4 nitrogen bases in DNA?

• Adenine (A)

• Thymine (T)

• Cytosine (C)

• Guanine (G)

How many chromosomes found in a adult skin cell and a baby liver cell?

46

How many chromosomes found in a sperm cell?

23

What is meant by complementary base pairing?

When nitrogen bases pair up with each other in DNA. AT+CG

Explain how DNA controls the production of proteins

DNA codes mRNA, which ribosomes read to link amino acids.

what is mRNA?

It is a copy of a gene from DNA

What is a chromosome?

DNA structure that carries genes, controlling traits and cell function.

What is a Homologous?

A name given to chromosomes that are of the same pair.

What is a sperm?

Sex cell/gamete produced by the male parent.

What is a Gamete?

A sex cell, carries genetic information from parent to the offspring.

What is a Karyotype?

Diagram displaying the complete set of chromosomes set out in pairs in order of size.

What is an Ovum?

A sex cell/gamete produced by the female parent.

What is a Genome?

Genetic information contained in an organism’s cell.

What is DNA?

A chemical which makes up chromosomes.

Explain Cancer:

A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled mitosis.

What is a gene?

A unit of genetic information codded in DNA as part of a chromosome.

Define Diploid:

Cells with a full set of chromosomes- 2 copies of each from both parents.

What is Mitosis?

Cell division producing two identical daughter cells from one.

Define Haploid:

Cells with half the usual chromosomes- one copy of each. (found in sperm and egg)

How many cells are produced in Mitosis?

2

How many cells are produced in Meiosis?

4

Does Mitosis produce Haploid or Diploid cells?

Diploid

Does Meiosis produce Haploid or Diploid cells?

Haploid

What are the number of divisions for Mitosis?

1

What are the number of divisions for Meiosis?

2

What is the purpose of Mitosis?

Growth and repair

What is the purpose of Meiosis?

reproduction.

What is A?

Phosphate

What is B?

Sugar

What is C?

Nitrogen Bases

What is D?

Sugar and phosphate backbone

What is E?

Hydrogen Bonds

What is F?

nucleotide

What is A?

Homologous chromosomes

What is B?

Bivalent chromosome

What is C?

centromere

What is D?

Sister chromatids

What is E?

Non-sister chromatids

What phase is this?

Prophase - Chromosomes start to condense. Nucleus disintegrates.

What phase is this?

Telophase - Nucleus reforming. Cytokinesis begins

What phase is this?

Metaphase - Chromosomes line up on equator

What phase is this?

Interphase - Cell growth and normal functions. DNA replicates

What phase is this?

Anaphase - Chromatids pulled to opposite poles

Which one is interphase?

J

Which one is prophase 1?

G

Which one is Metaphase 1?

F and H

Which one is Anaphase 1?

A

Which one is Telophase 1?

K and L

Which one is Prophase 2?

E and I

Which one is Metaphase 2?

M

Which one is Anaphase 2?

C

Which one is Telophase 2?

B and D

What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?

Mitosis does not cross over, and Meiosis crosses over.