Food prep

In deciding how much poultry to buy per person (of ready to cook poultry: wings, thighs, breasts, legs) factoring in inedible bone and unwanted fat and losses during cooking, a rule of thumb is:

1/2 pound per person

Fish can/should be prepared

Using dry heat methods

Using moist heat methods

With little preparation/served raw prepared with a trained chef

The primary pigment which is responsible for the red color of meat is:

Myoglobin

Frozen whole turkeys should be thawed in the refrigerator for how long?

24 hours per 5 pound weight

Salmon is an example of a:

fatty finfish

Cooking meat at a very high temperature to seal the pores, increase flavor and enhance browning is called:

Searing

To determine if poultry is "done", the internal temperature should be:

165 degrees F

Young children and women of childbearing age should avoid fish or shellfish such as _______________ which may contain high levels of mercury

swordfish

Less tender cuts of meat may be tenderized by:

Marinating before cooking

Pounding before cooking

Stewing or braising

The three most common types of tea are:

Green, black and oolong

Milk in the US must be pasteurized under what conditions?

When the milk will cross state lines

Beverages labeled "sparkling water" are considered ________ by the FDA.

Soft drinks

Examples of fresh, country cheeses include:

Cottage, cream, and ricotta cheeses

Functions of eggs in cooking/food preparation include:

Binding

Leavening

Provide color

Thickening agent

Which vitamins must low-fat and fat-free milk be fortified with:

Vitamin A and Vitamin D

All of the following apply to coffee preparation EXCEPT:

Reheat to 165ºF

Eggs should be stored:

In a carton or other sealed container in the refrigerator

Ripened cheeses include all of the following EXCEPT:

Cottage cheese

To heat milk, you should:

Use low heat and stir constantly

Why is milk stored in opaque containers?

A. The opaque container reduces milks exposure to light

This type of cheese is soft, whitish in color and mild tasting. Its moisture content is 80%.

Fresh

Eggs are mostly graded using what method?

Candling

Diet soft drinks use alternative sweeteners which have a detrimental effect on mouthfeel because the water content increases from 90% to 98%. What is added to diet sodas to counter this side effect?

Bulking agents

What is the difference between lamb and mutton?

Lamb comes from sheep less than 14 months old and mutton comes from sheep more than 14 months old

To determine if poultry is "done", the internal temperature should be:

165°F

Fish are considered a healthy food source because they contain considerable amounts of _________________.

Omega three fatty acids

What is casein?

It is the predominant protein found in milk

This cheese product is made from blended cheeses and one-third of cheese produced in the U.S. is used for the various kinds of this cheese.

Processed cheese

Egg substitutes are manufactured by removing the egg yolk, a source of cholesterol, and using what?

Egg yolks that have had the cholesterol extracted

Replacing egg yolks with vegetable oil

Completely omitting the egg yolks

What happens during the deionization process with water?

All mineral salts are removed leaving only pure water

In order to get a USDA inspection stamp on meat, the animals are examined by a veterinarian or inspector live prior to slaughter, then carcasses are inspected, the meat is observed at various processing stages, _________________, packaging materials reviewed and determine employee and facility hygiene. What step is missing?

he temperature of the meat is monitored

How long should it take an 8 - 12-pound turkey to thaw in a 40°F refrigerator?

1.5 - 2.5 days

What is the term used to describe the process used to remove the "sand vein" or intestine from fresh shrimp?

Deveining

Some examples of plant-based milks are:

Almond, soy, hemp, oat, coconut, rice and barley

Enzymes are often used to coagulate milk, but milk can also be coagulated through the use of ______________.

Acids

What is the chalaza?

The part of the egg that anchors the egg yolk in the thick egg white surrounding it

What is a nutraceutical beverage?

A fermented diary beverage

A functional beverage delivering health benefits

Cranberry juice

For meat to be considered Kosher, the animal must be:

Slaughtered in the presence of a rabbi

Slaughtered with a single stroke of a knife

Completely bled

Contrary to popular belief, the level of ______________ in poultry is similar to that of other meats.

Cholesterol

A food product consisting of compacted rice served with raw fish, cooked fish, or shellfish, vegetables, and/or spices is called ________________.

Sushi

When milk is heated, what happens to the casein and whey in the milk?

Whey proteins become insoluble

Casein doesn't coagulate with heat, unless boiled for long periods of time

Whey proteins bind to the milk's calcium phosphate and precipitate out

What is the process called when a cheese is converted from a bland, tough, rubbery, fresh curd into a unique cheese with its own mature flavor, aroma and texture?

Curing

When creating a food foam using egg whites, when is the best time to add salt?

You do not add salt because it decreases the stability and volume of the egg foam.

When coffee is roasted, the chemical and physical properties change during the process. What are these changes?

The beans dehydrate and become more porous.

The beans darken in color

The beans change in color from green to brown in color

Connective tissue which may be less tender includes:

Collagen

What term is used to describe poultry that have had their entrails (inner organs) removed from their body cavity?

Eviscerated

Excessive flakiness, dryness and flavor loss are all signs of what when preparing fish?

Overcooking the fish

The name of the heat treatment used to kill microorganisms in milk is_________.

Pasteurization

A Quality Approved inspection shield on a cheese label means what?

The cheese meets minimum quality standards and has been produced in a plant meeting USDA sanitary standards

Sports drinks have grown in popularity and use. How long before one exercises should a sports beverage be should drank to stay hydrated?

4 hours

Why should we baste a chicken or turkey when we roast them?

Prevents the drying of the skin and meat

Canned fish can be stored on the shelf for _________ months.

12

The enzyme most commonly used to coagulate milk is _______________, which is used in the production of cheese.

Chymosin (rennin)

What determines whether a cheese can be frozen for storage?

Moisture content

When brewing tea, it is best to warm the water to___________ in order to extract the right amount of substances from the tea bags.

Around boiling (212°F)

Sulfites are often added to red wines to maintain their_________.

Color

What is the most flavorful and tender USDA grade of meat?

Prime

What is the name for chickens that are older and larger than broilers/fryers?

Roasters

A dressed fish is described as a:

Fish from which the head, tail, fins, scales, and entrails have been removed

Approximately 80% of the calcium ingested by Americans is derived from the dairy group.

True

Cheese that endures high heat or prolonged cooking toughens the cheese proteins, causing the fat to separate out.

True

USDA Grade AA is the best-quality eggs in the US, but are only available to food service establishments.

False

Fresh UDA Grade AA eggs are the best to use for poaching because their yolks are firmer and less likely to spread out in the water and create streamers of floating strands of egg whites.

False

Eggs are sold in cartons in varying sizes determined by a minimum size for a dozen eggs in their shells.

False

Coffee beans can be decaffeinated by first soaking green beans in water then allow solvents, such as methyl chloride, to penetrate the beans.

True

In the US, meat inspection is mandatory, but grading is voluntary.

True

According to the FDA, antibiotics can only be administered to food-producing animals only with a veterinarian's approval and to ensure the health of the animal.

True

The grading of poultry is mandatory and the three grades used for poultry are: A, B, and C.

False

Fresh finfish should be stored in your refrigerator at 40 - 45° and can be stored up to a week at this temperature.

False

Why is milk stored in opaque containers?

The opaque container reduces milks exposure to light

This type of cheese is soft, whitish in color and mild tasting. Its moisture content is 80%

Fresh

Eggs are mostly graded using what method?

Candling

Diet soft drinks use alternative sweeteners which have a detrimental effect on mouthfeel because the water content increases from 90% to 98%. What is added to diet sodas to counter this side effect?

Bulking agents

What is the difference between lamb and mutton?

Lamb comes from sheep less than 14 months old and mutton comes from sheep more than 14 months old

To determine if poultry is "done," the internal temperature should be:

165 F

Fish are considered a healthy food source because they contain considerable amounts of

omega 3 fatty acids

What is casein?

IT is the predominant protein found in milk

This cheese product is made from blended cheeses and one-third of cheese produced in the U.S. is used for the various kinds of this cheese.

Processed cheese

Egg substitutes are manufactured by removing the egg yolk, a source of cholesterol, and using what?

Egg yolks that have had the cholesterol extracted

Replacing egg yolks with vegetable oil

Completely omitting the egg yolks

What happens during the deionization process with water?

All mineral salts are removed leaving only pure water

In order to get a USDA inspection stamp on meat, the animals are examined by a veterinarian or inspector live prior to slaughter, then carcasses are inspected, the meat is observed at various processing stages, __________, packaging materials reviewed and determine employee and facility hygiene. What step is missing?

The temperature of the meat is monitored

How long should it take an 8-12 pound turkey to thaw in a 40F refrigerator?

1.5-2.5 days

What is the term used to describe the process used to remove the "sand vein or intestine from fresh shrimp?

deveining

Some examples of plant-based milks are

almond, soy, hemp, oat, coconut, rice and barley

Enzymes are often used to coagulate milk, but milk can also be coagulated through the use of

acids

What is the chalaza?

The part of the egg that anchors the egg yolk in the thick egg white surrounding it

What is a nutraceutical beverage?

A fermented diary beverage

A functional beverage delivering health benefits

Cranberry juice

Contrary to popular belief, the level of _____ in poultry is similar to that of other meats

cholesterol

A food product consisting of compacted rice served with raw fish, cooked fish, or shelfish, vegetables, and/or spices is called __

sushi

When milk is heated, what happens to the casein and whey in the milk?

Whey protein become insoluble

Casein doesnt coagulate with heat, unless boiled for long periods of time

Whey proteins bind to the milks calcium phosphate and precipitate out

What is the process called when a cheese is converted from a bland, tough, rubbery, fresh curd into a unique cheese with its own mature flavor, aroma, and texture?

curing

When creating a food foam using egg whites, when is the best time to add salt?

you do not add salt because it decreases the stability and volume of the egg foam

When coffee is roasted, the chemical and physical properties change during the process. What are these changes?

The beans dehydrate and become more porous

The beans darken in color

The beans change in color from green to brown in color

What term is used to describe poultry that have had their entrails (inner organs) removed from their body cavity?

Eviscerated

Excessive flakiness, dryness, and flavor loss are all signs of what when preparing fish?

overcooking the fish

The name of the heat treatment used to kill microorganisms in milk is

pasteurization

A quality approved inspection shield on a cheese label means what?

The cheese meets minimum quality standards and has been produced in a plant meeting USDA sanitary standards

Sports drinks have grown in popularity and use. How long before one exercises should a sports beverage be should drank to stay hydrated?

4 hours

Why should we baste a chicken or turkey when we roast them?

prevents the drying of the skin and meat

Canned fish can be stored on the shelf for _____ months

12