Imperialism Study REview

Extraterrioriality

Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own country.

Sphere of influence

A foreign region in which a country has control over trade and other economic activities.

White Man's Burden

idea that European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those "less civilized"

Social Darwinism

The false narrative that certain races are more fit to survive than others

Nationalism

pride in one's country

Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production rather than making goods by hand

Imperialism

When a stronger country dominates a weaker country politically, economically and/or militarily

Sepoy

An Indian soldier serving under British command.

The Raj

British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria

Berlin Conference (1884-1885)

The meeting of European imperialist powers to divide Africa among them

Opium War

Culminated in the Treaty of Nanjing

Treaty of Nanjing (1842)

Treaty which ended the first Opium War and limited Chinese sovereignty because of the concessions to England - Hong Kong, open more ports to trade, and access for foreigners

Boxer Rebellion (1900)

In an effort to expel foreign influence from their country, a super patriotic group of Chinese revolted against all foreigners. Several nations including the United States sent military forces to stop it.

Sun Yat-sen

Pro-republic Chinese leader who eventually becomes the 1st President of the Republic of China

"Jewel in the Crown"

the British colony of India--- so called because of its importance in the British empire, both as a supplier of raw materials and as a market for British trade goods

Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864)

a rebellion by Chinese peasants; led to a loss of millions of lives; conquered some of southern China but ultimately failed

King Leopold II of Belgium

Colonized the Congo and killed 10-15 million Africans

Zulu Revolt

A six month rebellion against the British takeover of Southern Africa

Sepoy Mutiny

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 which caused the British Government to take direct control over the Indian colony

British East India Company

set up trading posts in India in the 1600s, beginning the British economic interest there, and controlled most of India until 1857

Cause of Sepoy Mutiny

A rumor of cartridges being greased with pig and cow fat.

Advancements that assisted European countries during the Scramble for Africa

Machine guns, tanks, quinine to treat malaria

The purpose of European-built roads and railroads in Africa and India

To lead directly to the coast to aid in the fast extraction and shipment of natural resources/raw materials

The government China formed after the 1911 Revolution

A western-style republic

Cause of the Opium War

Illegal smuggling of the drug into China by the British after the emperor banned it

Effect of Boxer Rebellion

Qing forced to pay $330 million in reparations and the government becomes even weaker

of ports Europeans could trade at in China before the First Opium War

1

of ports Europeans could trade at in China after the First Opium War

6

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Effect of Berlin Conference

Borders drawn without consideration of ethnic/tribal boundaries --> ethnic conflicts

Direct Rule (colony)

European countries sent their own government officials to govern colonies

Indirect Rule Colony

European countries allowed natives of the colony to govern the colony under the direction of the European country

Settler Rule Colonies

White minority settlers ended up ruling the colony

Russia and Japan

non western countries who became Imperial powers

Natural resources/goods from Africa that Europeans wanted

Diamonds, gold, ivory, rubber

Natural resources/goods from India that Europeans wanted

Cotton, Indigo, Opium, Spices (Peppers, Cinnamon, Tumeric, etc.)

Natural resources/goods from China that Europeans (especially the British) wanted

Tea, Silk, Porcelain

Why African societies were vulnerable to colonization

The trans-atlantic slave trade decimated African populations and held back their advances

The only 2 African countries not colonized during the scramble

Ethiopia and Liberia

The only African country to beat a European one

Ethiopia

Meiji Restoration

the modernization and industrialization of Japan in the 1800's

Meiji Era Reforms

abolishing feudalism, building railroads, studying the west, establishing a nationwide army

Matthew Perry

A commodore in the American navy. He forced Japan into opening its doors to trade.

Treaty of Kanagawa

1854 treaty between Japan and the US. Japan agreed to open two ports to American ships

Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)

fought in Korea between Japan and Qing China; Japanese victory. China was forced to recognize the indpendence of Korea.

Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)

the first time that a European country lost to an Asian country in a modern war

Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)

Ended the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905); granted Japan railroad rights in Manchuria, and control over Korea,

Manchukuo

Japanese puppet state established in Manchuria in 1931