Household Appliances Sterilization Standards and Washing Machine Technology

Vocabulary flashcards focusing on national standards for antibacterial household appliances, washing machine sterilization methods, testing parameters, and standard microorganisms.

GB 21551.1-2008

Mandatory Chinese national standard titled "General requirements for antibacterial, sterilization, and purification functions of household and similar electrical appliances", implemented on March 1, 2009.

GB 21551.5-2010

Mandatory Chinese national standard specifying "Particular requirements for antibacterial, sterilization, and purification functions of household washing machines", approved on January 14, 2011, and implemented on September 15, 2011.

High-Temperature Sterilization

A physical sterilization method using temperatures above $80\,^\circ\text{C}$ (or exceeding $90\,^\circ\text{C}$ for over $1\,\text{h}$ in drum washing machines) to cause bacterial protein denaturation.

Silver Ion Sterilization

A sterilization mechanism where silver ions strongly attract and bind to sulfhydryl groups ($-\text{SH}$) on bacterial proteinases, inactivating the enzymes and causing bacterial cell death.

Ozone Sterilization

A sterilization method using a blue gas that reacts with bacterial cell walls to alter cell permeability and destroys intracellular DNA and nuclear material.

Standard Test Bacteria (GB 21551.5)

Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus, designated by standard GB 21551.5 to test and evaluate the sterilization performance of washing machines.

Initial Sterilization Rate Requirement

The mandatory limit specifying that electric washing machines with sterilization functions must achieve a sterilization rate of no less than $96.0\%$ when tested under standard GB 21551.5.

Attenuated Sterilization Rate Requirement

The minimum allowable sterilization rate of no less than $86.0\%$ for washing machines after completing endurance testing under standard GB 21551.5.

Pulsator Washing Machine Endurance Test

An endurance test requirement under GB 21551.5 where a top-load fully automatic washing machine runs a standard sterilization wash program $2000$ times.

Drum Washing Machine Endurance Test

An endurance test requirement under GB 21551.5 where a front-load fully automatic washing machine runs a standard sterilization wash program for a total of $2300\,\text{h}$.

Laboratory Autoclave Standard Parameters

Microbiological laboratory sterilization conditions operating at $121\,^\circ\text{C}$ and $0.1\,\text{MPa}$ for $15$ to $30\,\text{min}$ to achieve a sterile state.

Plate Colony Cultivation of E. coli

A microbial measurement method where bacterial solution is spread on solid agar plates and incubated at $37\,^\circ\text{C}$ for about $10\,\text{h}$ until visible circular colonies form, each representing a single bacterium.

Normal Human Microbiota

The microbial ecosystem consisting of approximately $100\,\text{trillion}$ bacteria residing inside and on various parts of the human body, such as skin, oral cavity, nasopharynx, and intestines.