FINAL EXAM: defining and measuring intelligence

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Numerical measurement of intelligence, usually accomplished by some form of standardized testing.

factor analysis

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score.

group administered tests

allow testing of large groups, require little training to administer, are useful for instructional planning, identify students who need further evaluation

individually-administered tests

-demand training and experience to give well

-provide insight into whether a test score accurately reflects a child's abilities

-are often used to identify highly intelligent children and those with learning problems

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales

used to evaluate people ages 2-adulthood

modern descendant of the first successful intelligence test; measures general intelligence and four factors, including verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, spatial reasoning, and short-term memory

test norms

Standards of normal performance on psychometric instruments based on the average scores and range of scores obtained by a large, representative sample of test takers.

deviation IQ score

an intelligence test score that reflects how well or poorly a person performs compared with others of the same age

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth edition (WISC-V)

used to evaluate people aged 6-16 years old.

widely used individual intelligence test that measures general intelligence and both verbal and performative intelligence.

triarchic theory of intelligence

Developed by Robert Sternberg

An information-processing theory of intelligence that emphasizes three aspects of intelligent behaviour not normally tapped by IQ tests: the context of the action, the person's experience with the task (or situation), and the informational-processing strategies the person applies to the task (or situation).

contextual component

intelligence takes into account the demands of everyday, real-world environments and whether or not people can successfully adapt to or shape the environment to suit them better.

experiential component

refers to the relationship between intelligence, prior experience, and the ability to cope with new situations.

responses to novel challenges are an indication of the person's ability to generate good ideas or fresh insights.

when automatized routines or "programs of the mind" are developed for performing everyday tasks effectively, it is a sign of intelligence

componential (information-processing) component

mainly focuses on the cognitive processes by which we size up the requirements of problems, formulate strategies to solve them, and monitor cognitive activities until goals are accomplished.

PASS theory of intelligence

planning, attention-arousal, simultaneous processing, and successive processing

draw upon information processing and neuropsychology. it was developed to address practical problems such as understanding the nature of individual differences, conceptualizing assessments, and informing remediation.

theory of multiple intelligences

developed by Howard Gardner.

The theory that humans display as many as nine distinct kinds of intelligence, several of which are not measured by IQ tests.

savant syndrome

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill.

linguistic intelligence

sensitivity to the meanings and sounds of words, to the structure of language, and to the many ways language can be used

spatial intelligence

ability to perceive visual-spatial relationships accurately, to transform these perceptions, and to relate aspects of visual experience in the absence of the pertinent stimuli

logical-mathematical intelligence

ability to operate on and to perceive relationships in abstract symbol systems and to think logically and systematically in evaluating one's ideas

musical intelligence

sensitivity to pitch and melody; ability to combine tones and musical phrases into larger rhythms; understanding of the emotional aspects of music

body-kinesthetic intelligence

ability to use the body skillfully to express oneself or achieve goals; ability to handle objects skillfully

interpersonal intelligence

ability to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, motivations, and intentions of others

intrapersonal intelligence

sensitivity to one's own inner states; recognition of personal strengths and weaknesses, and the ability to use information about the self to behave adaptively.

naturalist intelligence

Sensitivity to the factors influencing and influenced by the organisms in the natural environment

existential intelligence

sensitivity to issues related to the meaning of life, death, and other aspects of the human condition

In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, which component of intelligent behaviour refers to the extent to which familiar tasks have become automatized with practice?

experiential

3 multiple choice options

What is the name of the theory of intelligence proposed by Howard Gardner?

theory of multiple intelligences

3 multiple choice options

In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, which component of intelligent behaviour do "street smarts" refer to?

contextual

3 multiple choice options

Why are the Wechsler Intelligence Scales considered to be an improvement over the Stanford-Binet scales?

They assess both verbal and nonverbal skills

3 multiple choice options

What is the name of the theory of intelligence that was developed by Robert Sternberg?

triarchic theory of intelligence

3 multiple choice options

Which statistical procedure is used to identify the separate abilities assessed by a test?

factor analysis

3 multiple choice options

Theo never did well in school, but he was always considered "street smart." How would Sternberg label this component of intelligence?

as contextual

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following theorists would endorse the notion that each person's many problem-solving skills mature at different phases of life?

Gardner

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following traits would you be most accurate in predicting if you were to use IQ scores?

academic achievement

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following statements about the validity of the WISC-V with Canadian populations is accurate?

The multicultural diversity in Canada suggests a need for sensitivity in interpreting outcomes.

3 multiple choice options

Howard Gardner proposed that some individuals are truly exceptional in one ability but exceptionally poor in others. Leslie Lemke, who has an IQ of 58 but incredible musical talents, is an example of such a span of abilities.

Which of the following terms applies to people with intellectual disabilities who also have extraordinary talents such as those of Lemke?

savant syndrome

3 multiple choice options

The PASS theory of intelligence relies on information processing and neuropsychology. What cognitive functions does PASS stand for?

planning, attention-arousal, simultaneous processing, successive processing

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following options meet the criteria that DSM-5 uses to classify an individual with deficits in reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience, acquired over the developmental period and causing adaptive functioning deficits?

intellectual developmental disorder

3 multiple choice options

When Ophelia was 10 years old, she completed the original Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. She answered all the questions that a typical 5- or 6-year-old would answer, but none of the questions a typical 7- or 8-year-old would answer. Based on this information, what is Ophelia's mental age?

6

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following individual characteristics do intelligence scores best estimate?

current intellectual performance

3 multiple choice options

How is deviation IQ determined?

by comparing the child's performance with that of other children of his or her own age

3 multiple choice options

In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, which component of intelligent behaviour includes the ways or methods in which people go about solving problems, independent of whether they arrive at the correct solution?

information-processing skills

3 multiple choice options

In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, which component of intelligent behaviour refers to the extent to which familiar tasks have become automatized with practice, thereby freeing up space for dealing with more novel tasks?

experiential

3 multiple choice options