Structures and Features of Eukaryotic Cells

What defines a eukaryotic cell?

It contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

From what are eukaryotic cells believed to have evolved?

From prokaryotic cells via endosymbiosis

What are the main kingdoms of eukaryotes

Animals, Plants, Fungi, and Protists

What are the main features of animal cells

No cell wall; feeds by ingestion

What are the main features of plant cells

Cell wall made of cellulose; feeds by photosynthesis

What are the main features of fungi

Cell wall made of chitin; absorbs food.

Where is genetic material located in eukaryotic cells

Inside a double-membrane nucleus

What size are eukaryotic ribosomes

80S — larger than prokaryotic ribosomes

Name four common membrane-bound organelles found in all eukaryotes

Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles

What additional structures are unique to plant cells

Chloroplasts, a large central vacuole, and a tonoplast membrane

What structural feature is common in multicellular fungi

Filamentous hyphae separated by septa

Why is separating transcription and translation beneficial

It allows mRNA modification (capping, polyadenylation, splicing) before translation, improving stability and control of gene expression

Why is compartmentalisation important in eukaryotic cells

It allows organelles to maintain unique internal environments suited to specific functions.

How does compartmentalisation improve efficiency

Allows enzymes and materials to stay close together for faster reactions

What do lysosomes and phagocytic vacuoles demonstrate about compartmentalisation

hey safely contain hydrolytic enzymes, preventing damage to the rest of the cell

Draw a Eukaryotic include labelling