Water GQ4 Explian and Evaluate strategies taken to sustainably manage water resources in Singapore

Advantages of using laws

1. Laws help create a legal framework that holds industries accountable

2. Laws help promote long term environmental protections

Disadvantages of using laws

1. Enforcing laws constantly can be difficult especially in big countries

2. Require significant financial resources which may be a burden for less developed regions

3. Corruption, lack of monitoring resources or weak governance can result in industries violating regulations without facing concequences

Advantages of using campaigns

1. Encourages community involvement

2. Promote long-term behavioral changes

3. Support consumers to make informed choices

Disadvantages of using campaigns

1. Behavioral changes may take time and may not lead to immediate reductions

2. Relies heavily on voluntary compliance

3. May not effectively reach or influence all segments of populations

Advantages of using Desalinated water ( Under Improving water technologies)

1. Not dependent on rainfall and can be used to supplement water supply during long dry spells

2. Singapore is an island surrounded by limitless supply of seawater, thus it will never run out of sea water to desalinate

Disadvantages of using desalinated water

1. Very expensive to produce as the production is energy intensive

2. Large amounts of chemical and salt solutions are produced, pollution may be caused if they are not disposed off properly

Advantages of using NEWater

1. Not dependent on rainfall as it is produced from used water

2. Ultra pure and high quality

Disadvantages of using NEWater

1. Expensive to produce as it uses membrane technology which is energy intensive

2. Public may find difficult to accept this new technology of obtaining water from used water due to lack of knowledge of treatment process

Advantages of imported water

1. Does not require land, free up land for other uses

2. Cheaper source of water compared to desalinated and NEWater

Disadvantages of imported water

1. Importing water may not be enough to meet water demands especially during a long dry spell

2. water agreements will eventually expire and there maybe not guarantees of future agreements