Anatomical Terminology and Human Body Systems

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering anatomical terms, regional terms, body directional terms, planes, cavities, and human organ systems based on the lecture transcript.

Anatomical Position

Standardized reference posture where the human body stands upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides, palms turned forward, and feet flat on the floor, pointing straight ahead.

Prone

Body lying face down

Supine

Body lying face up

Acromion

shoulder

Antecubitus

Inside of elbow

Axilla

underarm

Brachium

Upper arm

Bucca

cheeks

Cephalon

Entire head

Cervicis

neck

Cranium

Top part of skull

Crus

shin

Digits

fingers/toes

Facies

face

Femoral

Upper thigh

Gluteus

buttox

Hallux

Big toe

Inguen

Groin

Lumbus

Lower back

Mentis

chin

Oculus

eyes

Oris

mouth

Otic / Auris

ears

Palma

palm

Planta

Sole of feet

Pollex

thumb

Popliteus

Back of knee

Sura

calf

Thorax

Chest

Anterior

Towards the front

Posterior

Towards the back

Superior

Towards the head

Inferior

Towards the tail

Medial

Towards the median plane

Lateral

Away from the median plane

Superficial

Towards the surface

Deep

Away from the surface

Plantar

Sole, palm

Dorsal

Top of foot and hand

Parietal

Lining anterior body cavities (membrane

Visceral

Covering organs within anterior body cavities

Proximal

Towards the point of origins

Distal

Away from the point of origin.

Sagittal plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sections

Medial (midsagittal) plane

Equally divides the body into two sections

Parasagittal plane

Unequally divides the body into two sections

Frontal (coronal) plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

Transverse plane

A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections

Oblique plane

A horizontal plane that divides the body at an angle to create superior/proximal and inferior/distal sections

Peritoneal cavity

Within the membrane

Retroperitoneal cavity

Outside the membrane

Epidermis

Outermost layer of the skin

Dermis

Thick middle layer of the skin, beneath the epidermis

Hypodermis

The deepest layer beneath the dermis

Mandible

Only movable bone of the skull, the lower jaw

Maxillae

Upper jaw, between the nose and teeth

Frontal bone

Cranial bone forming the forehead

Parietal bone

The top part of the head

Occipital bone

The back of the head

Temporal bone

On the lower sides of the skull, temples

Cerbical vertebrae

7 uppermost vertebrae, supports the neck and head

Thoracic vertebrae

12 mid-back vertebrae, connects with the ribs

Lumbar vertebrae

5 largest and strongest vertebrae in the lower back

Sacral vertebrae

5 fused vertebrae between the hip bones

Coccygeal vertebrae

4 fused vertebrae, the tailbone

Sternum

Flat breastbone located in the center of the ribs.

Clavicle

shoulder

Scapula

Shoulder blade

Humerus

Upper arm

Radius

Thumb side of bone, thicker

Ulna

Pinky side of bone, thinner

Coxal bones

Hip bone

Symphysis pubis

Where the hip bones meet

Femur

Upper thigh

Patella

Knee caps

Tibia

Shin bone, thicker

Fibula

On the side, thinner

Pituitary gland

At the base of the brain, below the hypothalamus

Pineal gland

Deep inside the brain

Thyroid gland

Front of the neck

Parathyroid gland

On the back of the neck

Thymus

Upper chest

Adrenal glands

On top of each kidney

Pancreas

Behind the stomach

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart throughout the body

Veins

Carry blood towards the heart throughout the body

Capillaries

Connect arteries and veins within tissues.

Spleen

Upper-left abdomen, behind the stomach

Trachea

Neck and upper chest, between the larynx and bronchi

Bronchii

Inside the chest, branching from the trachea into the lungs

Esophagus

Tube running through the chest from the throat to the stomach

Ureter

Tubes running from each kidney to the bladder

Prostate gland

Below the bladder, surrounding part of the urethra.

Bulbourethral glands

Below the prostate, near the base of the penis.