CS 2210 - Chapter 01: Data Representation

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering data representation topics including number systems, MAC addresses, binary shifts, character sets, file compression techniques, and audio/image digital representations.

Data

A set of information that can include numbers, text, images, and sound.

Denary

A number system with a base of $10$ and a sample space consisting of digits from $0$ to $9$.

Binary

A number system with a base of $2$ and a sample space consisting of $0$ and $1$.

Byte

A unit of digital data representation consisting of $8\,\text{bits}$.

MAC Address

Media Access Control address; a physical address of a device used to identify the device on the network.

MAC Address (Manufacturer ID)

The first $24\,\text{bits}$ (or $3\,\text{bytes}$) of a MAC address that represents the manufacturer of the device.

MAC Address (Serial Number)

The second $24\,\text{bits}$ (or $3\,\text{bytes}$) of a MAC address that represents the serial number of the device.

Logical Left Shift (LLS)

A binary shift operation to the left that multiplies a number by powers of $2$, which can result in an overflow error if bits shift beyond the available storage.

Logical Right Shift (LRS)

A binary shift operation to the right that divides a number by powers of $2$.

Two's Complement

A method used to represent negative binary numbers by toggling all bits ($0 \rightarrow 1$ and $1 \rightarrow 0$) and adding $1$.

ASCII

A character encoding standard used to represent English alphabets in digital format, where capital letters range from $65$ to $90$ and small letters range from $97$ to $122$.

Unicode

A character encoding standard designed to represent text in multiple languages, such as Spanish or German.

Extended Unicode

An extension of Unicode used to represent various specialized symbols.

Compression

A method used to reduce the size of a digital file.

Lossy Compression

A file compression method where the original file cannot be reconstructed after compression (e.g., JPEG, MP3, MP4).

Lossless Compression

A file compression method where the original file can be fully recovered (e.g., Run Length Encoding).

Pixel

The smallest unit that makes up an image.

Colour Depth

The number of bits required to represent a colour in an image.

Image File Size Formula

Calculated as $\text{Image Resolution} \times \text{Colour Depth}$.

Kilobyte (KB)

A metric unit of data size equal to $10^3$ or $1000\,\text{Bytes}$.

Kibibyte (KiB)

A binary unit of data size equal to $2^{10}$ or $1024\,\text{Bytes}$.

Sample Rate

The number of sound samples taken per second.

Sample Resolution

The number of bits used per sound sample.

Effect of Increasing Sample Resolution

Improves sound quality, but increases file size and requires greater processing power.

Human Hearing Range

The frequency range of sound audible to the human ear, spanning from $20\,\text{Hz}$ to $20\,\text{kHz}$.

Run Length Encoding (RLE)

A lossless compression method that stores consecutive characters along with the frequency of that character.