Lecture 25

P-factor in children

• babies

• Longitudinal

Characteristics of the Dunedin study:

• 1037 ______ born in New Zealand

• ________ study where subjects were tested at birth, age 3, every 2 years until 15, 18, 21, 26, 32, 38, 45 and ongoing

equal

Each risk factor has basically ______ association with externalizing, internalizing, and thought disorders

general

Genetic risk is specific but also _____

Homotypic continuity	Heterotypic continuity
Disorder predicts itself over time	Disorder predicts other things over time → Common in psychopathology (Having a disorder often predicts occurrence of different disorders across time and development)

What’s the difference between homotypic continuity and heterotypic continuity?

psychopathology

Certain disorders may run in families but _____ seems to run in families even more commonly

Different domains are positively associated with each other

What is the correlated-factors model?

P (general psychopathology) explains all disorders, no subtypes/classes of disorders

What is the single factor model?

P (general psychopathology) → classes of disorders → disorders

What is the hierarchical model?

P (general psychopathology) directly causes disorders + specific factors within classes of disorders cause specific disorders

What is the bifactor model?

not, 0.95

Using a specific model is ______ relevant because scores of P are correlated at more than ___, no matter which model you use

empirically, observed

P is _____ based, meaning that it is a result of statistical modeling, not directly _______

• negative

• regulation

• cognitive

• Thought

• vulnerability

Different Theories of P:

• Dispositional _____ emotionality

• Emotion ______ difficulties/impulsive responsivity to emotion

• Low ______ functioning (not just intelligence – attention & concentration, processing speed, higher level thinking)

• _____ dysfunction/aberrant thought processes

• Underlying ______ to psychopathology

• Symptoms across different disorders cause each other

• There is no underlying P or risk for general psychopathology that explains everything

→ Intervening on central symptom leads to domino effect of symptom reduction in related symptoms

What is the symptom network model?

cause

It is possible that specific disorders ______ P, not the other way around

• The P-factor theory doesn’t fit well with our understanding of ASD, because this disorder endures over time and has high comorbidity but doesn’t morph into other disorders

• Genetic risk for autism not associated with P

How does ASD fit with the P-factor theory?

correlations

Different studies find very different strengths of ______ between a disorder and P

measurement

Better ______ is key for learning more about P and applying knowledge in real-world settings

• relate

• Comorbidities

• different

• transdiagnostic

With P, we could understand:

• How disorders _____ to one another

• ______ between disorders

• Why clinicians see kids present with ______ things over time and across development

• How to treat people by using a _____ treatment, that target underlying difficulties that occur across many disorders

• depression

• internalizing

• flowchart

• trauma

Treatments:

• Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders

  • Moderate to large effects across anxiety and _____

  • Most evidence for _______ symptoms

• Modular treatment (Match-ADTC)

  • Picking a starting point based on presenting problems and then follow the ______

  • Useful for anxiety, depression, _____ and conduct problems