Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology - Fill-in-the-Blank Practice Cards

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts from the notes.

The core of all scientific thought is the __.

scientific method

The first step of the scientific method is to propose a __ to answer a question.

hypothesis

After proposing a hypothesis, scientists __ the hypothesis through experiments.

test

The final step is collecting data through experiments to make __.

conclusions

Gross (macroscopic) anatomy studies __ structures.

large

Regional anatomy organizes the body by specific areas, such as head, neck, and __.

trunk

Sectional anatomy examines relationships by examining cross sections; this is called __.

sectional anatomy

Clinical anatomy includes subspecialties important in clinical practice; an example is __ anatomy.

surgical

Developmental anatomy studies changes between conception and adulthood; this is called __.

developmental

The study of internal structure of cells is called __.

cytology

The examination of tissues is called __.

histology

Cell physiology studies the __ of the cell.

chemistry

Organ physiology studies the functions of __ organs.

specific

Pathological physiology studies the effects of __ on organ/system functions.

diseases

The integumentary system protects against environmental hazards and provides __ information.

sensory

The skeletal system provides __ and protection for other tissues.

support

The muscular system provides movement and generates heat to maintain body __.

temperature

The nervous system directs immediate responses to stimuli and coordinates other organ systems; it uses __ signals.

electrical

The endocrine system directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems via __.

hormones

The cardiovascular system distributes blood, water and dissolved materials such as __.

nutrients

The lymphatic system defends against __.

infection

The respiratory system delivers air to __ for gas exchange.

alveoli

The digestive system processes and digests food and turns them into __.

nutrients

The urinary system excretes waste products from the blood and controls water balance in the .

blood

The reproductive system produces __ cells and hormones.

sex

In anatomical position, the hands are at the sides with palms facing __ and feet are together.

forward

An anterior view shows the body from the __.

front

A posterior view shows the body from the __.

back

Supine: the body is laying __.

face up

Prone: the body is laying __.

face down

Superior means above; means below.

inferior

Medial refers to the midline; refers to away from the midline.

lateral

Dorsal/ventral are the same as the terms /.

posterior/anterior

Proximal is nearer to the trunk; distal is farther from the trunk; the distance is .

farther

Superficial means toward the body surface; deep means from the surface.

away

The abdominopelvic quadrants are formed by lines that intersect at the .

umbilicus

There are abdominopelvic regions.

nine

A frontal plane divides the body into and posterior portions.

anterior

A sagittal plane divides the body into left and portions.

right

A midsagittal plane lies exactly along the .

midline

A transverse plane divides the body into and portions.

superior; inferior

The thoracic cavity contains the left and right pleural cavities separated by the mediastinum; the serous membrane associated with the heart is the .

pericardium

Visceral pleura covers the outer surfaces of a .

lung

The peritoneum that lines the inner surface of the body wall is the peritoneum.

parietal

The peritoneum covering enclosed organs is the peritoneum.

visceral

Serous fluid reduces between serous membranes.

friction

The thoracic cavity is subdivided into the pleural and cavities.

pericardial

The visceral peritoneum surrounds .

organs

The parietal peritoneum lines the surface of the body wall.

inner

MRI provides the highest resolution (best for soft tissues).

soft-tissue

The thoracic cavity contents include the heart and lungs and are subdivided into the pleural and cavities.

pericardial

The visceral layer of pericardium covers the .

heart

Which type of section would separate the body down the midline between the eyes? The section.

midsagittal

The pleura is to the pericardium.

lateral

The pleura is to the diaphragm.

superior

Contents of the thoracic cavity include the heart and lungs and are subdivided into the pleural and cavities.

pericardial

Why is homeostatic regulation important to an organism? Physiological systems can function normally only under carefully conditions.

controlled

Blood clotting is an example of feedback.

positive

A histologist investigates structures at the level.

tissue

The mismatched pairing among the options is .

stomach/pelvic cavity

In the correct anatomical position, the palms face .

forward

Bruce has gallbladder problems; the pain is in the region.

right upper quadrant

The visceral peritoneum surrounds .

organs

Which type of section separates the body along the midline between the eyes? The section.

midsagittal