Unit 4 - Clemson Schroeder CH-1010 Flashcards

What relationship does the kinetic molecular theory explain in gas laws?

The kinetic molecular theory explains the relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature in gases.

How are pressure and volume related according to the ideal gas law?

Pressure and volume are inversely related; as one increases, the other decreases.

Under what conditions do gases behave non-ideally?

Gases behave non-ideally under high pressure and low temperature.

How can you derive the density of a gas using the ideal gas law?

Density can be derived using the ideal gas law by converting moles to grams using molar mass and manipulating the PV = nRT equation.

What does Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures state?

Dalton's Law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas.

How does temperature affect the pressure of a gas as per the ideal gas law?

Temperature and pressure are directly related; as temperature increases, pressure increases, provided volume remains constant.

Define the term 'standard molar volume' of a gas.

Standard molar volume is the volume occupied by one mole of a gas at standard temperature and pressure, typically 22.4 liters.

What is the significance of the mole fraction in gas mixtures?

The mole fraction is used to calculate the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture, representing the ratio of the moles of the gas to the total moles of the mixture.

Explain the use of the combined gas law in calculations.

The combined gas law is used to calculate changes in pressure, volume, and temperature, requiring the rearrangement of PV=nRT based on known variables.

How does the concept of stoichiometry apply to gas laws in reactions?

Stoichiometry involves calculating masses, moles, and volumes of gases in chemical reactions using balanced equations and ideal gas principles.

What conceptual understanding is necessary for explaining changes in gas pressure using kinetic molecular theory?

Understanding how molecule speed and collisions increase with temperature, influencing pressure, is key to explaining pressure changes.

Why is it important to use correct units in gas law calculations?

Using correct units ensures accuracy in calculations since gas laws require specific units like liters, atm, and Kelvin for consistency.

Provide an example of calculating the oxidation state in a redox reaction.

An example could involve calculating the oxidation state of sulfur in H2SO4 where sulfur undergoes reduction or oxidation during a reaction process.

What strategy is recommended for solving stoichiometry problems involving mass and moles?

The strategy involves using balanced chemical equations to determine ratios and converting between moles and mass using molar mass as the conversion factor.

Describe the sign conventions for energy changes in exothermic and endothermic processes.

Exothermic processes release heat, resulting in a negative sign for energy change, while endothermic processes absorb heat, leading to a positive energy change.

How does Hess's Law assist in calculating reaction enthalpy changes?

Hess's Law states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is the same, regardless of the number of steps, allowing us to sum known reaction enthalpies to find unknowns.

Identify a common sign error in energy-related exam questions and its impact on the solution.

A common error is using the incorrect sign (positive or negative) for energy changes, which can result in an incorrect calculation of enthalpy or internal energy.

Outline the expected structure and content emphasis of the final exam.

The final exam includes 15-16 questions from each past exam and 5-6 questions from new material, mainly focusing on conceptual understanding rather than memorization.

Explain the Ideal Gas Law and its practical components.

The Ideal Gas Law, PV = nRT, describes the relationship between pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), and moles (n) of a gas, using R as the universal gas constant.

Discuss the relationship between pressure and temperature according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory.

According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, pressure directly relates to temperature; as temperature increases, molecules move faster, which increases pressure in a confined space.

What is Avogadro's Law and how does it relate volume and moles of gas?

Avogadro's Law states that equal volumes of gas at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of moles, indicating a direct proportionality between volume and moles.

How can understanding the Gas Laws help in solving complex problems involving multiple variables?

Using the Combined Gas Law, which relates pressure, volume, and temperature changes, helps solve complex problems by integrating these variables into a single equation.

In the context of gas diffusion and effusion, what relationship governs molecular speeds?

The relationship between molecular speed and molecular mass is described by Graham's law, which states that lighter molecules diffuse and effuse faster than heavier ones.