GCSE History- Germany (1914-1945)

What is an empire?

Controlling other countries

What are colonies?

Smaller states that make up an empire

What was the Kaiser?

The German King/Emperor/Monarch

What is the Reichstag?

German Parliament

Who were the Junkers?

Rich Prussian landowners who support Kaiser

What are trade unions?

Workers organisations to defend rights

What is Prussia?

Largest state and original part of Germany

What year that the Social Democrats (SDP) had become the largest political party in the Reichstag?

1912

How many major towns from 1871 to 1910?

8 in 1871, 48 in 1910

What year was Germany reunited as one country (there were 25 separate states before).?

1871

What system was the Kaiser's Germany?

autocratic (One person ruling the country)

Who could vote in the Kaiser's Germany

Men above 25 years old

When was working on a Sunday banned?

1891

Which party was the biggest in the Reichstag in 1912?

Social Democrats (SPD)

Who voted for the SDP?

The working public

What does Weltpolitik mean?

World Policy

What were the 3 parts of Weltpolitik?

Navy, Army, empire

How many battleships did Germany have in 1898 (before first navy law)?

12 battleships

How many battleships did Germany have after the first naval law?

19 battleships

How many battleships did Germany have after the second naval law?

38 battleships

Who was secretary of state of the navy in Germany in 1897?

Admiral von Tirptiz

How many troops did Germany have in 1913?

800,000 soilders

How many soilders did Germany have in 1914?

1,000,000 soilders

How many casualties did Germany have in WW1?

3 million casualties

What does diktat mean?

Dictated peace

What is a constitution?

A document which spells out the principles by which a government runs and the fundamental laws that govern a society

What was the Kiel mutiny?

German sailors refused to fight British navy in revolution against the Kaiser in the naval base at Kiel.

when was the Kiel mutiny?

3 November 1918

What is proportional representation

% of votes = %of seats

who were the SA?

Hitler's hired thugs or private army, also known as the Brown Shirts.

What does the SA stand for?

Sturm Abtielung- storm troopers

How many SA members in 1932?

400,000 members

What did the SA do?

disrupt opposition meetings, control opposition violently, intimidate, marches

What was the Nuremberg Rally?

yearly rally promoting the Nazi party

What were Hitler's beliefs and aims in Mein Kampf?

one strong leader (Hitler), superiority of Aryans, unite all German speaking people in one country, Make Germany powerful

Where did Hitler write Mein Kampf?

In Landsberg prison while serving a prison sentence after the Munich Putsch.

What was Hitler's leadership and charisma?

centerpoint of Nuremburg rally, 'saviour' and 'messiah' Germany, strong leader

How did Hitler's speeches influence?

Very persuasive, inspiring, gave audience a sense of hope

What was Hitler's view of Treaty of Versailles?

Hitler promises to undo the treaty

What were the most important factors for the rise of Nazi party?

Hitler's propaganda, Great depression, the SA

Who was Chancellor in 1930?

Brüning

who was chancellor in 1932 and replaces Brüning, late becomes vice-chancellor to Hitler?

Von Papen

who was chancellor in november 1932, replaces Von Papen?

Von Schleicher

What was Hitler's rise to power?

before Hitler became chancellor- before January 30th 1933

What was Hitler's consolidation of power?

After Hitler became chancellor- after January 30th 1933

What was the enabling act (24th march 1933)?

law that allowed Hitler to pass laws for next 4 years without going through Reichstag, passed with 444 votes to 94

How many seats did the Nazi party have in 1933 (March 5th)?

nazi party- 288 seats (43% of vote) + support of national party = majority

What was the Reichstag Fire (27th February 1933)?

Reichstag building set on fire 1 week before election and dutch communist Marinus Van De Lubbe found on the scene and arrested

What was the Decree for the Protection of People and State (28th February 1933)?

law that banned the allowed the Nazis to arrest and imprison communist party members

What happened on May 2nd 1933?

Hitler banned all trade unions and created a Nazi trade union; the German Labour Front (DAF)

What happened on July 14th 1933?

Hitler bans all parties except the Nazis and makes Germany a one party country (dictatorship)

three chancellors before Hitler

Brüning, Von Papen, Von Schleicher

What did the DAF stand for?

Deutsche Arbeitsfront (german Labour Front)

What was the Night of the Long Knives (30th of June 1934)

Hitler removes all opponents to his power and consolidates his power by killing 200 SA leaders including Ernst Rohm, Von Kahr, Von Schleicher

Who was Von Kahr

Bavarian minister, Betrayed Hitler before Putsch only to be forced into Munich Putsch

What did Hitler create to replace the SA?

Schutzstaffel (protection squad)- The SS

Who was Ernst Rohm?

Leader of the SA, former friend of Hitler, killed on the Night of the Long Knives, homosexual

What does 'Fuhrer' mean?

ultimate leader

What happens to Hitler when Hindenburg dies?

Hitler has no opposition to power and declares himself 'Führer'

When did Hindenburg die?

August 1934

How many members of the SA in 1933?

2.5 million members

What was the German army size in 1934?

100,000 men, no submarines, no tanks, no airforce, 6 battleships only

How many were unemployed in 1939?

302,000 unemployed (invisible unemployed)

Who were the invisible unemployed?

unemployed not counted in official figures by Nazis such as jews and women

What were the Nazi's methods for reducing unemployment

invisible unemployed, public works programme, national labour service(RAD), rearmament, taking people off the unemployment register, conscriptiopn

What was public works programme

Nazi programme where they built autobahns (motorways), schools, hospitals and railway.

What is rearmament?

new battleships, new tanks, new planes; this boosted national pride

What are autobahns?

german name for motorways with 2500 miles built by the Nazis.

What is the National Labour Service (RAD)?

Compulsory for all men 18-25 to work for 6 months to work in the public works programme.

How much did farmers income increase between 1933 to 1936?

farmers income increase by 41% from 1933 to 1936

how were farmers supported after 1936?

Farmers were not supported after 1936, as the Nazis prioritised military technology instead.

How successful was the public works programme?

they reduced unemployment to only 35,000 of 25 million in 1939

what happened to people who refused to work?

they were sent to labour camps

What happened to the invisible unemployed?

They were forced out of their jobs

What was 'Strength Through Joy'?

A programme which gave prizes for workers who have performed well, such as holidays, theatre groups, and gym classes, however the prizes often didn't arrive or was cancelled last minute.

What was the the Volkswagen Scheme?

Scheme introduced in 1938 that gave workers the opportunity to buy a new car, however by 1939 no worker ever received the car.

What was the Hitler Youth?

youth programme for boys between 14-18, with 90% of 14 year old boys in 1939.

What were Hitler youth activities?

military drills, hiking, physical activites

Who were the Little fellows (pimpfen)?

The young children version of the Hitler Youth

What was the League of German Maidens?

Youth groups for girls aged 14-18

What were activities in the League of German Maidens?

preparations for motherhood and domestic duties

When was membership made compulsory for children age 10+ in the Hitler Youth and League of German Maidens?

1936

Young girls league

Young version of League of German Maidens for girls aged 10-14

What percentage of teachers sacked in 1933 for refusing to teach Nazi ideologies

20% teachers sacked

What is eugenics?

teaching of races

what were textbooks rewritten to?

They were rewritten to fit Nazi views

What percentage of teachers were Nazi party members in 1937?

97% of teachers in 1937

What is indoctrination?

to brainwash

What changes were made to the school curriculum from the Nazis?

Lessons started with a Nazi salute, PE lessons increased to 3 doubles per week to prepare boys for war.

What happened to all other youth groups?

They were all banned except for the Hitler youth and League of German maidens

What did lessons start with?

Lessons start with the Nazi salute and 'Heil Hitler'

What did all teachers have to do?

Swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler and join the Nazi Teachers' League (NTL)

When were jews not allowed to attend school?

1938

Who were the Edelweiss Pirates?

A youth group who rebelled against the Hitler Youth by handing out anti-Nazi leaflets and graffitied the streets with anti-nazi message

Who were the Swing Youth?

Young people who danced and listened to Jazz music from the USA which was banned, they also dressed in fashion banned by the Nazis.

How many female teachers in 1933

100,000 teachers

How many female doctors in 1933?

3,000 female doctors

When did WW1 end?

11am, 11th November, 1918

What is Kinder, Kirche, Kuche?

Children, Church and Kitchen. These were the 3 things expected of German women,

What was banned by the Nazis for women?

abortion and contraception, smoking, being a judges and lawyers (1936)