Human Osteology: Quiz 2

Terms to know

Orbits

The eye sockets

External Acoustic Meatus (EAM)

Ear holes

Skull

The entire body framework of the head, including the lower jaw

Mandible

The lower jaw

Cranium

The skull without the mandible

Calvarium

The cranium without the face

Calotte

The calvarium without the base

Splanchnocranium

The facial skeleton

Neurocranium

The braincase

Sagittal Suture

Passes down the midline between the parietal bones

Coronal Suture

Lies between the frontal and parietals

Lambdoidal Suture

Passes between the two parietals and the occipital

Squamosal Suture

Unusual scale-like, beveled sutures between temporal and parietal bones

Basilar Sutures

Lies between the sphenoid and the occipital

Metopic Sutures

Passes between unfused frontal halves and only rarely persists into adulthood

Frontonasal Suture

Short sutures between the frontal and nasals

Internasal Suture

Midline cranial suture between the two nasal bones

Anterior Fontanelle

‘soft spot’ located at the junction of the frontal and parietal bones

Posterior Fontanelle

‘soft spot’ located at the back of the baby’s head where the occipital bone meets the two parietal bones

Frontal Squama

Forms the forehead (vertical)

Frontal Eminences

Dominate the ectocranial surface; mark the location of the original centers of ossification of this bone

Temporal Lines

On the lateral ectocranial surface mark the attachment of the temporalis muscle; defines the superior edge of the temporal suture

Zygomatic Processes

Form the most lateral and anterior corners of the frontal

Superciliary Acrhes

Brow ridges

Supraorbital Margins

The upper orbital edges

Supraorbital Notches/ Foramina

Are set along the medial half of the superior orbital rim

Metopic Suture

A vertical suture between right and left frontal halves

Meningeal Groves

Present on both sides of the concave endocranial surface and frontal squama

Sagittal Sulcus

A vertical grove that runs down the midline of the endocranial surface

Frontal Crest

A midline crest confluent with the anterior end of the sagittal sulcus

Pars Orbitalis/Orbital Plate

The horizontal portion of the frontal

Ethmoidal Notch

The gap separating the two orbital plates and the frontal

Frontal Sinuses

Generally anterior to the ethmoidal notch

Parietal Tuber/boss/eminence

Large, rounded eminence centered on the ectocranial surface of the parietal

Temporal Lines (superior/anterior)

dominate the ectocranial surface, arching anteroposteriorly

Parietal Foramen

Located close to the sagittal suture near lambda

Meningeal Grooves

Dominate the endocranial surface of the parietal

Sagittal Sulcus

Made when parietals are articulated and the shallow groves along the sagittal edge of each parietal combine along the endocranial midline

Sigmoind Sulcus

Crosses the mastoid angle of the parietal, cutting groove on the endocranial surface

Temporal Squama

Rises almost vertically to form the cranial walls

Petrous Pyramid

Massive, dense bony part that dominates the endocranial aspect of the temporal

External Auditory Meatus (EAM)

External opening of the ear canal

Zygomatic Process of the Temporal

A thin projection of the bone that forms the posterior half of the zygomatic arch

Suprameatel Crests

The superior root of the zygomatic process

Mastoid process

Bears an external surface that is roughened for the attachment of several muscles

Occipital grove (or sulcus)

Lies medial to the mastoid

Mandibular (or glenoid) fossa

Lies posterosuperior to the articular eminence

Tympanic part

In the temporal & lies posterior to the TMJ

Styloid process

Thin, pointed bony rod that point anteroinferiorly from the base of the temporal bone

Stylomastoid foramen

Located immediately posterior to the base of the styloid process; exit fr the facial nerve and the entrance of the stylomastoid artery

Vaginal process

Ensheathes the base of the styloid process

Jugular fossa

Located just medial to the base of the styloid process

Carotid Canal

A large circular canal that transmits the internal carotid artery

Internal auditory (or acoustic) meatus

Located midway along the posterior surface of the petrous pyramid and transmits the facial and acoustic nerves as well as the internal auditory artery

Sigmoid Sulcus

Large, curving groove set at the posterior base of the petrous pyramid on the endocranial surface of the mastoid part of the temporal bone

Glabella

The most anterior midline point on the frontal bone, usually above the frontonasal suture