Labeling Parts of a Skull (sagittal view)

1

Coronal suture

2

Parietal bone

3

Temporal squama

4

Squamous suture

5

Temporal bone

6

Zygomatic process

7

Lambdoid suture

8

Mastoid portion

9

Occipital bone

10

External occipital protuberance

11

Internal auditory meatus

12

Mastoid process

13

Styloid process

14

Occipital condyle

15

Zygomatic arch

16

Frontal bone

17

Sphenoid bone

18

Zygomatic bone

19

Ethmoid bone

20

Lacrimal bone

21

Lacrimal fossa

22

Nasal bone

23

Temporal process

24

Mandibular fossa

25

Maxilla

26

Articular tubercle

27

Mandible

How many bones does the human skull have?

22 bones

How many bones does the cranium have? List them.

8, frontal, occipital, 2 temporals, 2 parietals, sphenoid, ethmoid

How many facial bones are there? List them.

14, nasals, maxillae, zygomatics, mandible, lacrimals, palatines, inferior nasal conchae, vomer

Which are the two movable skull bones?

Mandible and auditory ossicles

What is the cranium

Section that holds the brain

Forehead

Frontal bone

Cranial bones attached to membranes called _________

-Stabilizes position of the brain

-outer surface provides large areas for muscle attachment that allows head movement or facial expressions

Meninges

Top of the skull

Parietal bones

Back of the skull

Occipital bone

Side of the skull

temporal bones

Base of the cranium, holds up large portion of the brain

Sphenoid bone

Roof of the nasal canal

Ethmoid bone

Layers that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord

Meninges

Meninges tough fibrous outer layer “tough mother’’

Dura mater

-Meninges middle layer; cobweb like layer

-subarachnoid space is below it, containing cerebrospinal fluid

Arachnoid mater

Meninges delicate inner layer that closely adhered to the surface of the brain in the spinal cord

Pia mater

Vertical fold (extension) of the dura mater that divides cerebral hemispheres and keeps them in place

Falx cerebri

Horizontal fold (extension) of dura mater that separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum; protect the brain stem

Tentorium cerebelli

Vertical fold (extension) of dura mater that divides the two hemispheres of the cerebellum; separates and stabilizes the two cerebellar hemispheres

Falx cerebelli

-Consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

-produces automatic behaviors necessary for survival

-provides a pathway for tracts running between higher and lower neural centers

Brainstem

What does the brain stem consist of?

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Where is the brain stem located?

Between cerebrum and spinal cord

how long is each region of the brain stem?

about 1 inch

Many cranial nerves enter here

Brainstem

-Nerve fibers that travel down through the midbrain and pons into the medulla oblongata

-Carry signals from your brain to your body for crossing over movement control

-on anterior surface of medulla oblongata

Pyramids

-Controls eye movement; plays a role in coordination, alertness, and smooth voluntary movements

-Uppermost part of the brain stem

Midbrain

-located between the midbrain (midbrain is above) and the medulla oblongata

-responsible for breathing and signal relay

-relay center for motor/sensory pathways; connects cerebrum and cerebellum

Pons

-lowest part of the brain stem

-responsible for involuntary functions such as heart rate, sneezing, blood pressure, breathing, vomiting

Medulla

-Network of interconnected neurons that spans the brain stem

-brain stem command center; arousal, sleep, pain, and muscle tone

Reticular formation

What makes the left carotid artery different than the right carotid artery?

It comes directly off the aorta