Untitled Flashcards Set

Socratic Method

A form of questioning used by Socrates to expose contradictions in thought.

Majority Rule

The principle that the majority's opinion is to be followed, which Socrates was skeptical about.

Philosopher-King

Plato's ideal ruler who possesses both wisdom and virtue.

Tripartite Theory of the Soul

Plato's theory dividing the soul into three parts: Reason, Spirit, and Appetite.

Justice (according to Plato)

A state of affairs where each group in society performs its designated role.

Moderation

Aristotle's key to virtue, advocating a balanced approach.

Mixed Government

A political system that combines elements of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.

Polity

Aristotle's definition of the best form of government—a balanced system.

Democracy vs. Tyranny

A theme in Euripides' plays exploring the dynamics between democratic freedom and tyrannical oppression.

Rule of Law

The principle defended by Theseus, emphasizing legal rigor against tyranny.

Checks and Balances

A system proposed by Polybius that combines authority from monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.

Realpolitik

Machiavelli's concept of prioritizing power over moral considerations in governance.

Equality of Conditions

Tocqueville's observation of America as more equal in social aspects compared to Europe.

State of Nature (Hobbes)

A chaotic and violent condition described by Hobbes where life is 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.'

Social Contract

An agreement proposed by Hobbes where individuals surrender freedoms to a sovereign for order.

Natural Rights

Locke's belief in inherent rights to life, liberty, and property.

Class Consciousness

Marx's idea that the working class must become aware of their exploitation to enact change.

Base and Superstructure

Marx's framework where the economic base influences political and cultural superstructure.

Ideology

A system of ideas that, according to de Tracy, can guide political principles and societal progress.

Religious Toleration

Locke's advocacy for the acceptance of different religious beliefs within governance.

Spoilage Principle

Locke's idea that one should not take more resources than they can use.

Sufficiency Principle

Locke's belief there should be enough resources for everyone.