Functional biology: Animal biology.

How do animals regulate their internal state even in changing or harsh environments?

• Name 3

• Example of penguins

• Form (anatomy)

• Biological Function (physiology)

• Behavior

Think penguin:

• Form = fat reduces hear loss

• Function = Shivering mainteans heat production

• Behavior = grouping of penguins

Anatomy vs physiology

Anatomy = biological structure.

Physiology = biological function.

What do all animals need.

How to make sure all cells get these.

• Oxygen

• Obtain nutrients

• Preduce offspring

• Fight of infection

• Water

Through intestitail fluids like blood,

What is meant with the Hierarchical Organization of Body Plans?

• Name the levels?

It is the different levels of structural and functional organization that the has:

• Cells

• Tissues

• Organs

• Organs system.

Name the 4 tissue types:

• Epithelial tissue.

• Connective tissue

• Muscle tissue

• Nervous tissue

These are the 4 tissues that make up all the different parts of the body

Types of epithelial tissue

• Cuboidal epithelium.

• Simple columnar epithelium.

• Simple squamous epithelium

• Pseudostratidied columnar epithelium.

Tissue that covers oudisde of body and line organs,

Types of Conncective tissue:

• Loose connective tissue

• Fibrous connective tissue

• Bone

• Blood

• Adipose tissue (fat)

• Cartilage (fibers tissue that secretes collagen)

Types of muscle Tissue:

• Skeletal muscle:
  Attached to bones by tendons, skeletal muscle, or striated muscle, is responsible for voluntary movements
  

• Smooth muscle:
  is found in the walls of the digestive

  tract, urinary bladder, arteries, and other

  internal organs. The cells are spindle-

  shaped. Smooth muscles are responsible

  for involuntary body activities, such as

  churning of the stomach and constric-

  tion of arteries.

• Cardiac muscle:
  Cardiac muscle forms the contractile

  wall of the heart. It is striated like skeletal

  muscle and has similar contractile proper-

  ties. Unlike skeletal muscle, however, car-

  diac muscle has branched fibers that inter-

  connect via intercalated disks, which relay

  signals from cell to cell and help synchronize

  heart contraction

Types of nervous tissue:

• Neurons

• Gilia:
  The various types of glia help nourish, insulate, and replenish neurons, and in some cases, modulate neuron function.

The 2 major systems for coordinating and controlling responses to stimuli.

• When is wich one used.

• Endocrine system (hormones).

• Nervous system.

The endocrine system is especially well adapted for coordinating gradual changes that affect the entire body, such as growth, development, reproduction, metabolic processes, and digestion.

The nervous system is well-suited for directing immediate and rapid responses to the environment, such as reflexes and other rapid movements.

Homeostasis

Maintenance of internal balance.

Think of: Body temp, pH, blood ,and glucose concentrations.

How is Homeostasis achhieved?