Functional Groups: The Main Players

A set of vocabulary flashcards identifying the primary functional groups in organic chemistry based on the lecture transcript.

Alkane

A functional group characterized by single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Alkene

A functional group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

Alkyne

A functional group containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

Benzene ring (phenyl)

A cyclic functional group consisting of a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds.

Amine

A functional group containing a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen or alkyl groups, represented as $\text{N(H, R)}_2$.

Alcohol

A functional group containing a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom.

Ether

A functional group where an oxygen atom is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups ($R-O-R$).

Alkyl halide

A functional group consisting of an alkyl group bonded to a halogen atom ($X$).

Thiol

A functional group containing a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom ($-SH$).

Aldehyde

A functional group containing a carbonyl group ($C=O$) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.

Ketone

A functional group featuring a carbonyl group ($C=O$) bonded to two carbon atoms.

Ester

A functional group consisting of a carbonyl group ($C=O$) adjacent to an oxygen atom that is bonded to another carbon group.

Carboxylic acid

A functional group where a carbonyl group ($C=O$) is directly bonded to a hydroxyl group ($-OH$).

Amide

A functional group containing a carbonyl group ($C=O$) bonded to a nitrogen atom.