Biol 331: Interactions between Cells and Environment

Flashcards to review key vocabulary related to cell interactions and the extracellular environment as discussed in the lecture.

Inflammation

A biological response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens or damaged cells, resulting in the activation of the immune system.

Leukocytes (White blood cells)

Cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against infection.

Endothelial cells

Cells lining the blood vessels that regulate blood flow and function as a barrier.

Transendothelial migration

The process by which leukocytes move from the bloodstream through the endothelial cells and into surrounding tissue.

Cadherins

Adhesion proteins that mediate cell-cell recognition and attachment, critical in tissue formation and maintenance.

Selectins

A family of membrane glycoproteins that mediate adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells during inflammation.

Immunoglobulin super family (IgSF)

A group of cell adhesion molecules involved in immune responses and cell signaling.

Integrins

Transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and signal transduction.

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

A complex network of proteins and carbohydrates providing structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway

A signaling pathway that regulates various cellular activities, leading to cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.

Gap junctions

Specialized intercellular connections that allow direct communication between adjacent cells through the exchange of ions and small molecules.

Proteoglycans

Large molecules consisting of a protein core and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, crucial for ECM structure and function.

Fibronectin

A glycoprotein that helps cells attach to the ECM and plays a role in cell migration.

Laminin

A key component of the basal lamina and ECM that supports cell binding and promotes cell migration and differentiation.

Hemidesmosomes

Structures that anchor epithelial cells to the basement membrane through integrin proteins.

Focal adhesions

Dynamic structures where integrins connect cells to the extracellular matrix, facilitating communication and movement.