Nutrition & Hydration

Carbohydrate Kcal

45-65% of daily Kcal

Fat Kcal

25-35% of daily Kcal

protein Kcal

10-30% of daily Kcal

Exercise suggestion

150-300 min/week

fluid recomendation

2-3 liters/day

Fluid intake

ingested water/food, oxidation of food, parenteral fluids

Fluid Outake

urine, feces, respirations, perspiration

Nasogastric tube (NG)

tube inserted through the nose into the stomach- for instilling liquid foods or for withdrawing gastric contents

nasointestinal (NI) tube

tube inserted through the nose and into the upper portion of the small intestine- used when gastric feeding is not tolerated

gastrostomy tube (G-tube)

tube placed through the abdomen directly into the stomach and used to provide nourishment

Jejunostomy tube (J-tube)

tube inserted into a surgically created opening into the second part of the small intestines (jejunum) for the purpose of providing nourishment, fluids, and medications

GI intubation

placement of a tube within the GI tract for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes

Levin tube

single lumen NG tube used to remove gastric contents via intermittent suction or to provide tube feedings

Salem Sump

short double lumen tube for low, continuous suctioning; blue port vents larger drainage

Dobhoff tube

tube used ONLY for feed, weighted tip, no suction

TPN

total parenteral nutrition (IV feeding)

PPN

peripheral parenteral nutrition

Therapeutic Nutrition

role of food and nutrition in the treatment of diseases and disorders

anthropometric measurements

Measures of height, weight, and skinfold thickness to evaluate muscle atrophy.

Hematocrit

percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

albumin blood test

measures liver and kidney function; overall nutritional status

BUN test

measurers urea nitrogen in blood, a product of protein breakdown by the kidney

creatinine test

test that measures the level of creatinine in blood to estimate how well the kidneys are filtering

daily weights

best indicator of fluid loss or retention

clear liquid diet

Water, Sprite, Ginger Ale, broth, Jello

thickened liquids

nectar, honey, pudding

full liquid diet

clear liquids + liquid dairy products, all juice, strained fruits, vegetables, and cereals

parenteral nutrition

nourishment provided via IV therapy

enteral nutrition

giving nutrients into the gastro-intestinal tract through a feeding tube

Enteral tube placement

gold standard = x-ray; inspection of gastric secretions; measurement markings