Science Chapter 15 Test Review

Who is the Father of the periodic table

Dimitri Mendeleev

Elements with similar characteristics/properties are put into….

Groups/families

What are the three sub-atomic particles and their charges?

Protons (positive),Neutrons (neutral),Electrons (negative)

What are valence electrons? What makes them important?

Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost ring of an atom. They are important because they are what causes chemical reactions to occur

What are ions? What is a cation? What is an anion?

Ions are elements that have lost or gained an electron

Cations are ions that are positively charged

Anions are ions that are negatively charged

What is the overall goal of elements?

To fill their outermost shell with electrons (8)

About ______ % elements make up the periodic table

80%

What's the difference between ductile and malleable?

Ductility is the ability for a metal to be stretched and shaped into a wire

Malleability is the ability for a metal to be bent and moved into a shape

What is the most reactive metal family? Why?

Alkali metals, have only one valence electron, meaning they want to form bonds with other elements to fill their outermost shell

Why are Lanthanides and Actinides considered rare Earth metals?

relatively abundant but difficult to extract

What are six properties of a metal?

Hard, Shiny, Malleable, Ductile, good Conductor, has Magnetism

Where are the nonmetals located on the periodic table?

Right of stair step or zigzag the periodic table

What family is the most reactive out of the nonmetals?

Halogen family.

What separates noble gases from the rest of the elements in the periodic table?

Noble gases do not form bonds with other elements because they already have 8 valence electrons and therefore are stable.

What's an ionic bond? What's a covalent bond?

Ionic bond- a bond in which one element loses and one element gains an electron

Covalent bond- a bond in which elements share valence electrons

What are the three characteristics of a nonmetal? 

dull, brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity

What does group number represent?

Valence electrons

What does atomic number represent?

number of protons, if neutral charge, also number of electrons

What does the staircase represent on the periodic table? What type of elements form this?

It separates metals (left) from nonmetals (right), the metalloids form the staircase as they are neither metals or nonmetals

As you move left to right on the periodic table, what decreases? and why?

Reactivity decreases because the number of valence electrons increases. The more valence electrons, the more stable the element. (8 being the most stable/least reactive)

I'm thinking of an element, which is a nonmetal. It is in a reactive family. Its number of neutrons is 45. It can form diatomic bonds. 

What family am I thinking about? What element am I thinking about? What are diatomic bonds?

Halogen family, Bromine, Diatomic bonds can form bonds with another atom of the same element.