3: PROTISTS

protista

paraphyletic taxon defined by exclusion and contains some but not all descendants of a eukaryotic ancestor

non-animal, non-fungus, non-plant eukaryotes: alveolates, rhizarians, amoebozoans, choanoflagellates

protozoa

animal-like protists, heterotrophic unicellular organisms, motile

algae

microscopic photosynthetic eukaryotes

uni/multicellular

different structures

brown algae

marine, multicellular, giant kelp, chlorophyll a, not b (store ps prod in laminarin)

holdfast: anchor

stipe: root

blade: leaf structure

pneumatocysts: buoyancy

red algae

multicellular, marine, pd prod in floridean starch

phycobilin, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin

green algae

uni/multicellular/colonial, freshwater/moist/marine, closest to land plants

green plants

green algae and land plants

plantae

red algae and green plants

land plants

most restrictive

protected embryo, cuticle, gametangia, tick spore walls

pseudopods

feetlike structures formed by temporarily extended cytoplasmic projections

cilia

beating of small hair like projections

flagella

long whip like projections

positive phototaxis

move toward light source to facilitate ps

autotrophic

produce own food by consuming CO2 and doing ps

heterotrophic

feed by surroundings

phagocytosis

engulf and form food vacuoles and bringinto cytoplasm

binary fission

fully grown organism divides into two daughter cells producing identical organisms

controlled experiment

test whether or more factors contribute to the difference btwn the control group and test group

control vs test group

un-manipulated group not subjected to any experimental treatment

subjected to experimental treatment with one or more factors being maniuplated

independent vs dependent variable

factors being manipulated

response or outcome being measured

amoeba

pseudopods

feed via phagocytosis

contractile vacuoles

binary fission

contractile vacuoles

bail out excess water accumulated inside organism

paramecium

move beat cilia

on macronucleus(metabolic activity) and several macronuclei (genetic recombination)

transverse binary fission: split along short axis

sexual conjugation

conjugation

genetic recombination process involving temporary fusion of two organisms, exchange micronuclear materials and reorganize macronuclear material

euglena

unicellular, pellicle, flagella

auto/heterotrophic

stigma eyespot phototaxis

chlamydomonas

unicellular green algae

pyrenoid: protein body, starch formation

stigma for phototaxis

volvox

autotrophic colonial

stigma, chloroplasts, flagella

interconnected by thin strands of cytoplasm

sexual rep: eggs and sperm

asexual rep: daughters within parent

spirogyra

freshwater multicellular green algae

asexual rep: fragmentation

sexual rep: conjugation

zygospore: diploid zygote surrounding itself with a thick cell wall