STS MOD 2 MIDTERM

scientific method

presented a general way of conducting scientific work. The ______________ is a systematic approach used by scientists to investigate and understand natural phenomena. It involves a series of steps and principles that guide the process of scientific inquiry.

Observation

Determination of the problems

Formulation of a hypothesis

Experimentation or testing of the hypothesis

Analysis of results or data gathered

Formulation of conclusions and provide recommendations

Scientific methods steps

scientific method

v is a powerful tool for acquiring knowledge and understanding the natural world, and it helps ensure that scientific discoveries are reliable and verifiable.

Verification Theory (Vienna Circle 20th century)

Falsification Theory (Karl Popper)

2 Theories that distinguish Philosophy and Science

 

Verification Theory (Vienna Circle 20th century)

This theory proposes that a discipline is a science if it can be confirmed or interpreted in the event of an alternative hypothesis being accepted, if it can be verified. This means that a discipline is a science if its results are measurable and the experiments used to gather data can be replicated (repeated).

Thomas Kuhn

This theory, as pointed out by American philosopher ___________, is prone to biased interpretation of evidences.

Falsification Theory (Karl Popper)

proposes if an idea or ideology cannot be proven false, and that idea can best explain a phenomenon better than other theories, then that idea is acceptable. Falsification theory encourages research to determine which can stand the test of falsification.

Observation

to see if there are unexplained occurrences that are unfolding.

Determination of the problems

To come up with unanswered questions which need    to be solved.

Formulation of a hypothesis

an intelligent guess, or possible way of solving the determined problem.

Experimentation or testing of the hypothesis

To get data on how the factors which had contributed to the problem affect each other.

Analysis of results or data gathered

To come up with possible solutions to the identified problems.

Formulation of conclusions and provide recommendations

To be able to solve the determined problems.