Chapter 8 Quiz: Bacteria and Viruses

Bacteriophage T4 infects and then breaks down the host DNA. This DNA is broken down by nucleases that are encoded in the T4 phage genome. Why don’t these nucleases break down the phage genome?

A. The phage genome is made of RNA

B. The phage genome is made of protein

C. The phage genome is resistant to the nucleases because it has an unusual nucleotide base in the place of cytosine

D. The phage genome is made of carbohydrates

The phage genome is resistant to the nucleases because it has an unusual nucleotide base in the place of cytosine

In Bacillus subtilis, which of the following is a step in transformation?

A. Prophage lambda excises from the genome

B. Heteroduplex formation

C. Formation of a tripartite insertion sequence

D. Carbohydrates in the cell wall bind to DNA

Heteroduplex formation

How do episomes integrate into chromosomes?

A. The oriT lines up with an IS element to drive recombination

B. The IS element in both the episome and the chromosome line up to drive recombination

C. The Hfr integrates at the site of the lambda prophage

D. the IS elements line up with the centromere to stimulate recombination

The IS element in both the episome and the chromosome line up to drive recombination

A wild type bacteria that is capable of synthesizing everything they require for growth is said to be:

A. Phototrophic

B. Autotrophic

C. Heterotrophic

D. Prototrophic

Prototrophic: deriving nutrients from inorganic sources, or not requiring specific nutrients for growth. 

A U tube experiment would block which process of bacterial parasexual genetic exchange?

A. Transduction

B. Lysogeny

C. Transformation

D. Conjugation

Conjugation

What is specialized transduction?

A. Competent bacteria take up DNA from the media

B. Prophages excise and package the genes next to the excision sites into the phage head

C. A process by which bacteria touch to exchange genetic information, there is a bidirectional flow of genetic information

D. A process by which bacteria touch to exchange genetic information, there is a one way flow of genetic information

Prophages excise and package the genes next to the excision sites into the phage head

A ______ is a genetic element that can replicate independently of the main chromosome outside of that chromosome

A. helix

B. Heteroduplex

C. Plasmid

D. F pili

Plasmid

The type of genetic element that can exist as either an autonomously replicating entity outside the main chromosome or can integrate into the chromosome is:

A. Episode

B. The F factor

C. Transducing particle

D. Rolling circle replication

Episome

Bacteria exchange genetic material:

A. Via unidirectional gene transfer

B. Just like eukaryotes, by undergoing meiosis and then fusing gametes

C. In a bidirectional manner

D. By undergoing mitosis

Via unidirectional gene transfer