World Religion Exam 3

Judaism / Rabbinic Judaism

Tanak

Hebrew Bible / Jewish Bible

Torah

The five Books of Moses

Nevi’im

Books of the prophets

Kethuvim/Ketuvim

Books of the writing

Abrahamic Covenant

Promises

He promises to be the God of him and his descendants and that they would. flourish, a specific region of land.

Obligations

Sacrifice of animals, the mark of the Abrahamic covenant (circumcision)

Consequence

Cut off from one’s people

Mosaic Covenant

Promises

They’re his treasured people and will be a holy nation

Obligations

No other gods before him, no construction or worship of images of gods, Sacrifice at an altar of earth, which led to the temple, Moral laws on how to behave, eg, the 10 commandments

Consequence

punishment

Propitiation

Making atonement for sin to restore the relationship with God

Henotheism

the belief in one, eternal, and all-powerful God who is the sole creator and sustainer of the universe

El

"God," with the root sense of "might," "strength," or "power"

YHWH/JHWH

The proper, personal name for God

Significance of 586 BCE

Babylonians capture Jerusalem, Temple is destroyed, people of judea are exiled to Babylonia, marks a major turning point in history of Judaism. 

Messiah

One who is anointed by God to carry out God’s will.

Significance of the 1st and 2nd Temples

the spiritual and national center of Jewish life, serving as the location for sacrifices, pilgrimage, and the presence of God 

Hellenization

The adaptation of Greek customs and beliefs

Significance of destruction of 2nd temple

Marking a shift from a temple-centered, sacrificial system to one focused on prayer, scripture, and community (rebuilt on grand scale) 

Diaspora

Jews living outside of the land, having no access to the temple (Greek translations of scripture, Greek philosophy, Greek customs), Missionary based

Sadducees

Upper class, temple tradition, keeping peace with Rome, emph on the Torah, Literalists, no afterlife. emphasis

Pharisees

Teachers associated with the synagogue, Torah, Ketuvim, and Nevi’im infuleruak in formation of Tanak. Written and oral traditions, not politically aligned with or hostile to the Romans, open to idea of afterlife.

Zealots

Hostile to genitals: anti-roman; messiah was a military leader

Nazarenes

Positive toward februkes; expected the messiah to be a spiritual leader

Synagogues

the building where a Jewish assembly or congregation meets for religious worship and instruction.

Significance of 70 CE

It marks a pivotal, catastrophic turning point in Jewish history, primarily due to the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans during the First Jewish-Roman War

Pharisaic-Rabbinic movement

the foundation of modern Judaism, emerging from the ancient Pharisee sect and becoming the dominant form of Judaism after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE

Significance of 70 CE

A pivotal moment in Jewish history due to the Roman destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, which ended sacrificial worship and led to a major transformation of Judaism into a religion centered on Torah study and prayer in synagogues, led by rabbis rather than priests 

Talmud/Oral Torah

Oral traditions that where passed town though the Mishnah and Gemara.

Mishnah

Early codified legal/Ethical interpretations (based on notion of oral law given to Moses in addition to written law)

Gemara

(Completion) Commentaires on the Mishnah

Talmudic debate

A Form of religious ritual that can bring the student of Torah to experience God’s word directly 

Differences between Reform Judaism,
Orthodox Judaism and Conservative Judaism

Reform Judaism

-First modern form of judisum, became open to an open society, western musical instruments, and dress. women to do the same as men
Orthodox Judaism

-Conduct services in Hebrew, Kosher meals, sabbath regulations, leadership only for men, and pray to return to the land of Israel. Kosher meals

Conservative Judaism

-Men and women are said to be together, women are allowed to participate freely and can be trained to lead worship, iddi orthopracy over orthodoxy. (Think what you like, but follow the laws/practices)

Zionism

Movement re-establishment of the Jewish nation (a modern nationalist movement that advocates for Jewish self-determination and a homeland in Israel, while Judaism is an ancient religion and culture)

Theodor Herzl

Father or founder of political Zionism 

Orthopraxy

Correct ethical practice/right practice

Orthodoxy

Correct belief/ right belief 

Holocaust

“burnt sacrifice”- that which is offered up.

Bris (Brit Milah)

(Circumcision) ceremony for every male child when they are 8 days old.

Bar Mitzvah/Bat Mitzvah

One who has become a “son (or daughter) of the commandments, or covenant. 

Rosh Hashanah

New Year, the first of the High Holy Days, as specified by Leviticus 23:23–25.

Yom Kippur

Day of atonement and holiest day of the year

Passover (Pesach)

a Jewish holiday that celebrates the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in ancient Egypt

Seder

a Jewish ritual service and ceremonial dinner for the first night or first two nights of Passover.